如何在具有默认命名空间的xml文档上使用XPath

Question

我想操作具有默认命名空间但没有前缀的xml doc.有没有一种方法可以使用没有命名空间uri的xpath,就好像没有命名空间一样？
我相信如果我们将documentBuilderFactory的namespaceAware属性设置为false应该是可能的.但就我而言,它不起作用.
我的理解是不正确的还是我在代码中犯了一些错误？

这是我的代码:

    DocumentBuilderFactory domFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    domFactory.setNamespaceAware(false);
    try {
        DocumentBuilder builder = domFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
        Document dDoc = builder.parse("E:/test.xml");

        XPath xPath = XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();
        NodeList nl = (NodeList) xPath.evaluate("//author", dDoc, XPathConstants.NODESET);
        System.out.println(nl.getLength());
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

这是我的xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root xmlns="http://www.mydomain.com/schema">
  <author>
    <book title="t1"/>
    <book title="t2"/>
  </author>
</root>

Answer 1

使用默认命名空间(无前缀)的文档的XPath处理与使用前缀的文档的XPath处理相同:

对于名称空间限定文档,您可以在执行XPath时使用NamespaceContext.您需要在XPath中为片段添加前缀以匹配NamespaceContext.您使用的前缀不需要与文档中使用的前缀匹配.

• http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/javax/xml/namespace/NamespaceContext.html

以下是您的代码的外观:

import java.util.Iterator;
import javax.xml.namespace.NamespaceContext;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DocumentBuilderFactory domFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        domFactory.setNamespaceAware(true);
        try {
            DocumentBuilder builder = domFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document dDoc = builder.parse("E:/test.xml");

            XPath xPath = XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();
            xPath.setNamespaceContext(new MyNamespaceContext());
            NodeList nl = (NodeList) xPath.evaluate("/ns:root/ns:author", dDoc, XPathConstants.NODESET);
            System.out.println(nl.getLength());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static class MyNamespaceContext implements NamespaceContext {

        public String getNamespaceURI(String prefix) {
            if("ns".equals(prefix)) {
                return "http://www.mydomain.com/schema";
            }
            return null;
        }

        public String getPrefix(String namespaceURI) {
            return null;
        }

        public Iterator getPrefixes(String namespaceURI) {
            return null;
        }

    }

}

注意:我还使用了Dennis建议的更正的XPath .

以下似乎也有效,并且更接近您原来的问题:

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DocumentBuilderFactory domFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        try {
            DocumentBuilder builder = domFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document dDoc = builder.parse("E:/test.xml");

            XPath xPath = XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();
            NodeList nl = (NodeList) xPath.evaluate("/root/author", dDoc, XPathConstants.NODESET);
            System.out.println(nl.getLength());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}