如何编写多个slave i2c客户端设备驱动程序?

Mer*_*gün 10 c linux client kernel i2c

我正在尝试为嵌入式主板开发驱动程序.驱动程序应该为v4l2打开一个接口,并使用i2c与2个设备通信.司机将充当主人.

我似乎无法理解i2c_device_id数组和i2c_add_driver函数是如何工作的.我阅读了内核源代码中的文档,但它对多个从属客户端没有帮助.

  • 我必须有两个独立的探头功能吗?
  • 我必须打i2c_add_driver两次电话吗?
  • 如果不是,我将如何能够保存两个不同的客户端,以便能够将不同的字节发送到不同的地址.

我在这里粘贴我的代码.我试图实例化两个i2c_drivers,调用i2c_driver_add两次并单独实现i2c探测.该代码无法正常工作,告诉我第二次foo1 调用时已经注册i2c_add_driver.

i2c1在我的dts文件中定义了两个块,如:

&i2c1 {

...
    foo0: foo0@00 {
        compatible = "bar,foo0";
        reg = <0x00>;
        pinctrl-names = "default";
        pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_ipu1_2>;
        clocks = <&clks IMX6QDL_CLK_CKO>;
        clock-names = "csi_mclk";
        DOVDD-supply = <&vgen4_reg>; /* 1.8v */
        AVDD-supply = <&vgen3_reg>;  /* 2.8v, on rev C board is VGEN3,
                        on rev B board is VGEN5 */
        DVDD-supply = <&vgen2_reg>;  /* 1.5v*/
        pwn-gpios = <&gpio1 16 1>;   /* active low: SD1_DAT0 */
        rst-gpios = <&gpio1 17 0>;   /* active high: SD1_DAT1 */
        csi_id = <0>;
        mclk = <24000000>;
        mclk_source = <0>;
    };

    foo1: foo1@02 {
        compatible = "bar, foo1";
        reg = <0x02>;
        pinctrl-names = "default";
        pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_ipu1_2>;
        clocks = <&clks IMX6QDL_CLK_CKO>;
        clock-names = "csi_mclk";
        DOVDD-supply = <&vgen4_reg>; /* 1.8v */
        AVDD-supply = <&vgen3_reg>;  /* 2.8v, on rev C board is VGEN3,
                        on rev B board is VGEN5 */
        DVDD-supply = <&vgen2_reg>;  /* 1.5v*/
        pwn-gpios = <&gpio1 16 1>;   /* active low: SD1_DAT0 */
        rst-gpios = <&gpio1 17 0>;   /* active high: SD1_DAT1 */
        csi_id = <0>;
        mclk = <24000000>;
        mclk_source = <0>;
    };

...
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除了名字之外,两个街区完全相同.

在驱动程序文件中,我实例化了以下结构:

static const struct i2c_device_id foo_id[] = {
    {"foo0", 0},
    {"foo1", 1},
    {},
};

static struct i2c_driver foo0_i2c_driver = {
    .driver = {
        .owner = THIS_MODULE,
        .name = "foo0",
    },
    .probe = foo0_probe,
    .remove = foo0_remove,
    .id_table = foo_id,
};

static struct i2c_driver foo1_i2c_driver = {
    .driver = {
        .owner = THIS_MODULE,
        .name = "foo1",
    },
    .probe = foo1_probe,
    .remove = foo1_remove,
    .id_table = foo_id,
};
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下面是我initexit功能:

MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, foo_id);

static __init int foo_init(void)
{
    u8 err;

    err = i2c_add_driver(&foo0_i2c_driver);
    if (err != 0)
        pr_err("%s:driver registration failed i2c-slave0, error=%d\n",
            __func__, err);

    err = i2c_add_driver(&foo1_i2c_driver);
    if (err != 0)
        pr_err("%s:driver registration failed i2c-slave1, error=%d\n",
            __func__, err);

    return err;
}
static void __exit foo_clean(void)
{
    if((&foo0_i2c_driver) != NULL && i2c0initialized)
    {
        i2c_del_driver(&foo0_i2c_driver);
        i2c0initialized = 0;
    }
    if((&foo1_i2c_driver) != NULL && i2c1initialized)
    {
        i2c_del_driver(&foo1_i2c_driver);
        i2c1initialized = 0;
    }
}

module_init(foo_init);
module_exit(foo_clean);
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以下是我的probe功能.我为两个奴隶都有两份副本.

static int foo_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
                          const struct i2c_device_id *device_id)
{
    struct pinctrl *pinctrls;
    struct device *dev = &client->dev;

    int ret = 0;

    pinctrls = devm_pinctrl_get_select_default(dev);
    if(IS_ERR(pinctrls))
    {
        dev_err(dev, "pinctrl setup failed\n");
        return PTR_ERR(pinctrls);
    }

    memset(&foo_data, 0, sizeof(foo_data));
    foo_data.sensor_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "csi_mclk");
    if(IS_ERR(foo_data.sensor_clk))
    {
        dev_err(dev, "get mclk failed\n");
        return PTR_ERR(foo_data.sensor_clk);
    }

    ret = of_property_read_u32(dev->of_node, "mclk", &(foo_data.mclk));
    if(ret < 0)
    {
        dev_err(dev, "mclk frequency is invalid\n");
        return ret;
    }

    ret = of_property_read_u32(dev->of_node, "mclk_source",
                               (u32 *)&(foo_data.mclk_source));
    if(ret < 0)
    {
        dev_err(dev, "mclk source is invalid\n");
        return ret;
    }

    ret = of_property_read_u32(dev->of_node, "csi_id", &(foo_data.csi));
    if(ret < 0)
    {
        dev_err(dev, "csi_id invalid\n");
        return ret;
    }

    clk_prepare_enable(foo_data.sensor_clk);
    i2c_client0 = client;

    /* custom data structures are set here */   

    foo_reset();

    ret = foo_get_id();

    if(ret < 0 /* || ret != foo_ID */)
    {
        clk_disable_unprepare(foo_data.sensor_clk);
        pr_warning("foo is not found\n");
        return -ENODEV;
    }

    clk_disable_unprepare(foo_data.sensor_clk);
    foo_int_device.priv = &foo_data;
    ret = v4l2_int_device_register(&foo_int_device);

    pr_info("foo is found\n");
    i2c0initialized = 1;
    return ret;
}
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Spl*_*aty 6

这个答案要迟到5个月,但希望它将对遇到相同问题(与我一样)并且找不到合适答案的其他人有所帮助。

简而言之,解决方案是使用较小的数字表示每个从站。您的驱动程序将在您存储的客户端列表中查找该次要编号,以获取正确的i2c_client。

长版本 您的I2C驱动程序最终可能会成为此类独特设备的字符设备驱动程序。否则,可能已经实现了一个框架(例如hwmon),并且该框架已经完成了多个从属的处理,因此您不必担心。有关示例,请参见http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/drivers/hwmon/

现在假设它是一个字符设备驱动程序,在驱动程序__init中,您需要分配与从设备一样多的次设备号:

alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, *MINOR_START*, *NUM_DEVICES*, name)    
/* for each minor or slave device, do cdev_init and cdev_add */
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现在到您的MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE。输入每个从站的条目,记住该字符串必须与设备树兼容条目匹配。第二个字段是一个数字,我们将其用作唯一标识符和次要数字(这是技巧):

struct i2c_device_id foo_idtable[] = {
    { "foo_1", 0 },
    { "foo_2", 1 },
    { },
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, foo_idtable);
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好的,到位后,.probe将为每个匹配的设备树条目调用函数。.probe调用该函数时,Linux会传入为您实例化的i2c_client指针。这是技巧的另一部分,有一个全局表来存储这些单独的i2c_client指针。全局表的索引是次编号。次要号码是id->driver_data也传入的号码,这是您foo_idtable之前分配的号码。

static int foo_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
{
    /* Store the i2c_client pointer in a global table using minor number as index 
     * make sure to allocate the global table dynamically */
    that_table[id->driver_data] = client;
    /* The id->driver_data is the minor number! */
}
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希望您现在正在追赶。当您对.ko进行设置时,您想要创建多个节点,每个次要节点一个:

insmod foo.ko
make_dir /dev/foo
find_major foo
make_node /dev/foo/foo_0 c <major> 0
make_node /dev/foo/foo_1 c <major> 1
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现在,当您的用户空间代码尝试使用驱动程序时,它将打开与正确的次要编号(从设备)相对应的文件。在用户空间中,您将执行以下操作:

/* Accessing slave #0 */
int fd = open("/dev/foo/foo_0", O_RDWR);

/* Accessing slave #1 */
int fd_1 = open("/dev/foo/foo_1", O_RDWR);
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您的.open实现将被调用。

static int foo_driver_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filep)
{
    int minor_num = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);
    /* remember the global table we had before that was indexed using the minor number?
     * Let's get the i2c_client stored there and get filep->private_data
     * to point to that i2c_client. Then subsequent read/write/ioctl can just
     * obtain the i2c_client from filep->private_data */
    filep->private_data = that_table[minor_num];
}
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然后,例如,您的用户空间代码调用驱动程序的ioctl:

ioctl(fd, FOO_IOCTL_DO_READ, &msg);
ioctl(fd_1, FOO_IOCTL_DO_WRITE, &msg);
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在驱动程序的ioctl实现中:

long foo_driver_ioctl(struct file *filep, unsinged int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    /* the filep->private_data has the i2c_client pointer! yay! */
    struct i2c_client *client = filep->private_data;

    /* now you can talk to your slave device with the i2c_client knowing
     * it is the correct i2c_client */
}
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而已 :)。我希望这是有道理的。这是一个很长的解释,但我希望我周到,但不要太困惑。最大的问题是我们有一个存储i2c_cient指针的全局表,但是我想不出没有它的方法,.probe而且.open也没有办法在彼此之间传递参数。如果有人有更好的解决方案,请告诉我。