使用GCC的链接时优化与静态链接库

Question

我正在尝试使用-fltoGCC(6.1.1)标志的链接时优化.

虽然它正常工作与我的代码,它不使用静态链接库,我也建,并与我的项目链接(该链接引擎和库是GLSL的优化,仅供参考).

这是输出:

...
/usr/bin/ranlib: ir_expression_flattening.cpp.o: plugin needed to handle lto object
/usr/bin/ranlib: opt_function_inlining.cpp.o: plugin needed to handle lto object
/usr/bin/ranlib: opt_copy_propagation_elements.cpp.o: plugin needed to handle lto object
...

在那之后,当然,我得到一些函数的几个"未定义的引用".

我做了一些研究,发现它可能是因为ar我应该尝试使用gcc-ar,但我不确定我该怎么做.

另外,我正在使用不支持lto的CMake(除了某些平台上的intel编译器,所以我读了......).尽管如此,我尝试使用:

set_property(TARGET glsl_optimizer PROPERTY INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION True)

哪个没用.

此外,我尝试了GCC的-fuse-linker-plugin旗帜,但没有奏效.

我想我将不得不手动使用旧的方式直接使用gcc-ar,或者可能还有其他一些方法？

Answer 1

这是一个MCVE CMake项目,可以重现这个问题:

$ ls -R hellow
hellow:
CMakeLists.txt  hello.c  libhello.c

$ cat hellow/CMakeLists.txt 
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.6)
project (hellow)
SET(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -flto")
SET(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -flto")
#SET(CMAKE_AR  "gcc-ar")
#SET(CMAKE_C_ARCHIVE_CREATE "<CMAKE_AR> qcs <TARGET> <LINK_FLAGS> <OBJECTS>")
#SET(CMAKE_C_ARCHIVE_FINISH   true)
add_library(hello STATIC libhello.c) 
add_executable(hellow hello.c)
target_link_libraries(hellow hello)
add_dependencies(hellow hello)


$ cat hellow/hello.c 
extern void hello(void);

int main(void)
{
    hello();
    return 0;
}

$ cat hellow/libhello.c 
#include <stdio.h>

void hello(void)
{
    puts("Hello");
}

配置很好:

$ mkdir build_hellow
$ cd build_hellow/
$ cmake ../hellow
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/imk/dev/so/build_hellow

根据问题构建失败:

$ make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[ 25%] Building C object CMakeFiles/hello.dir/libhello.c.o
[ 50%] Linking C static library libhello.a
/usr/bin/ar: CMakeFiles/hello.dir/libhello.c.o: plugin needed to handle lto object
/usr/bin/ranlib: libhello.c.o: plugin needed to handle lto object
[ 50%] Built target hello
Scanning dependencies of target hellow
[ 75%] Building C object CMakeFiles/hellow.dir/hello.c.o
[100%] Linking C executable hellow
/tmp/ccV0lG36.ltrans0.ltrans.o: In function `main':
<artificial>:(.text+0x5): undefined reference to `hello'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CMakeFiles/hellow.dir/build.make:95: recipe for target 'hellow' failed
make[2]: *** [hellow] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:67: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/hellow.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/hellow.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:83: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

有多个解决方案.一种是取消注释CMakeLists.txt上面的3条注释行.然后:

$ cmake ../hellow/
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 5.4.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/imk/dev/so/build_hellow

$ make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[ 25%] Building C object CMakeFiles/hello.dir/libhello.c.o
[ 50%] Linking C static library libhello.a
[ 50%] Built target hello
Scanning dependencies of target hellow
[ 75%] Building C object CMakeFiles/hellow.dir/hello.c.o
[100%] Linking C executable hellow
[100%] Built target hellow

$ ./hellow 
Hello

此修复程序使用以下事实.

破坏性问题:

/usr/bin/ar: CMakeFiles/hello.dir/libhello.c.o: plugin needed to handle lto object
...
/usr/bin/ranlib: libhello.c.o: plugin needed to handle lto object

可以通过给予ar和ranlib选项解决:

--plugin=$(gcc --print-file-name=liblto_plugin.so)

但是,GNU ranlib只是它的同义词ar -s,并且gcc-ar是ar该插件的源代码的包装器.

CMake的C静态库的构建模板是:

CMAKE_C_ARCHIVE_CREATE ( = <CMAKE_AR> qc <TARGET> <LINK_FLAGS> <OBJECTS>)
CMAKE_C_ARCHIVE_FINISH ( = <CMAKE_RANLIB> <TARGET>)

对于GNU而言ar相当于:

CMAKE_C_ARCHIVE_CREATE ( = <CMAKE_AR> qcs <TARGET> <LINK_FLAGS> <OBJECTS>)
CMAKE_C_ARCHIVE_FINISH ( = true) # Or any other no-op command

所以使用这些设置加:

SET(CMAKE_AR  "gcc-ar")

我们很好.

对于C++项目,当然是set CMAKE_CXX_ARCHIVE_CREATE和CMAKE_CXX_ARCHIVE_FINISH