ASP.NET Core Web API身份验证

Question

我正在努力解决如何在我的Web服务中设置身份验证的问题.该服务是使用ASP.NET Core web api构建的.

我的所有客户端(WPF应用程序)都应使用相同的凭据来调用Web服务操作.

经过一些研究,我想出了基本的身份验证 - 在HTTP请求的标头中发送用户名和密码.但经过几个小时的研究,在我看来,基本身份验证不是ASP.NET Core的方法.

我发现的大多数资源都是使用OAuth或其他一些中间件实现身份验证.但是对于我的场景,以及使用ASP.NET Core的Identity部分,这似乎过大了.

那么实现我的目标的正确方法是什么 - 在ASP.NET Core Web服务中使用用户名和密码进行简单身份验证？

提前致谢!

Answer 1

现在,在我指出正确的方向后,这是我的完整解决方案:

这是在每个传入请求上执行的中间件类,并检查请求是否具有正确的凭据.如果没有凭据或者它们是错误的,则服务立即响应401 Unauthorized错误.

public class AuthenticationMiddleware
{
    private readonly RequestDelegate _next;

    public AuthenticationMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
    {
        _next = next;
    }

    public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
    {
        string authHeader = context.Request.Headers["Authorization"];
        if (authHeader != null && authHeader.StartsWith("Basic"))
        {
            //Extract credentials
            string encodedUsernamePassword = authHeader.Substring("Basic ".Length).Trim();
            Encoding encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1");
            string usernamePassword = encoding.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(encodedUsernamePassword));

            int seperatorIndex = usernamePassword.IndexOf(':');

            var username = usernamePassword.Substring(0, seperatorIndex);
            var password = usernamePassword.Substring(seperatorIndex + 1);

            if(username == "test" && password == "test" )
            {
                await _next.Invoke(context);
            }
            else
            {
                context.Response.StatusCode = 401; //Unauthorized
                return;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // no authorization header
            context.Response.StatusCode = 401; //Unauthorized
            return;
        }
    }
}

需要在服务Startup类的Configure方法中调用中间件扩展

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    loggerFactory.AddConsole(Configuration.GetSection("Logging"));
    loggerFactory.AddDebug();

    app.UseMiddleware<AuthenticationMiddleware>();

    app.UseMvc();
}

就这样!:)

可以在此处找到.Net Core和身份验证中的中间件非常好的资源:https: //www.exceptionnotfound.net/writing-custom-middleware-in-asp-net-core-1-0/

Answer 2

您可以实现处理基本身份验证的中间件.

public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
{
    var authHeader = context.Request.Headers.Get("Authorization");
    if (authHeader != null && authHeader.StartsWith("basic", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
    {
        var token = authHeader.Substring("Basic ".Length).Trim();
        System.Console.WriteLine(token);
        var credentialstring = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(token));
        var credentials = credentialstring.Split(':');
        if(credentials[0] == "admin" && credentials[1] == "admin")
        {
            var claims = new[] { new Claim("name", credentials[0]), new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "Admin") };
            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "Basic");
            context.User = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        context.Response.StatusCode = 401;
        context.Response.Headers.Set("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=\"dotnetthoughts.net\"");
    }
    await _next(context);
}

此代码是在asp.net核心的beta版本中编写的.希望能帮助到你.

Answer 3

要仅将其用于特定控制器,请使用以下命令:

app.UseWhen(x => (x.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments("/api", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)), 
            builder =>
            {
                builder.UseMiddleware<AuthenticationMiddleware>();
            });

Answer 4

我想你可以和JWT(Json Web Tokens)一起去.

首先,您需要安装包System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt:

$ dotnet add package System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt

您需要添加一个用于令牌生成和身份验证的控制器,如下所示:

public class TokenController : Controller
{
    [Route("/token")]

    [HttpPost]
    public IActionResult Create(string username, string password)
    {
        if (IsValidUserAndPasswordCombination(username, password))
            return new ObjectResult(GenerateToken(username));
        return BadRequest();
    }

    private bool IsValidUserAndPasswordCombination(string username, string password)
    {
        return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && username == password;
    }

    private string GenerateToken(string username)
    {
        var claims = new Claim[]
        {
            new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, username),
            new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Nbf, new DateTimeOffset(DateTime.Now).ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString()),
            new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Exp, new DateTimeOffset(DateTime.Now.AddDays(1)).ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString()),
        };

        var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
            new JwtHeader(new SigningCredentials(
                new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Secret Key You Devise")),
                                         SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256)),
            new JwtPayload(claims));

        return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);
    }
}

之后更新Startup.cs类如下所示:

namespace WebAPISecurity
{   
public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddMvc();

        services.AddAuthentication(options => {
            options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = "JwtBearer";
            options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "JwtBearer";
        })
        .AddJwtBearer("JwtBearer", jwtBearerOptions =>
        {
            jwtBearerOptions.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
            {
                ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
                IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Secret Key You Devise")),
                ValidateIssuer = false,
                //ValidIssuer = "The name of the issuer",
                ValidateAudience = false,
                //ValidAudience = "The name of the audience",
                ValidateLifetime = true, //validate the expiration and not before values in the token
                ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5) //5 minute tolerance for the expiration date
            };
        });

    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }

        app.UseAuthentication();

        app.UseMvc();
    }
}

就是这样,现在剩下的就是将[Authorize]属性放在你想要的控制器或动作上.

这是一个完整的直接教程的链接.

http://www.blinkingcaret.com/2017/09/06/secure-web-api-in-asp-net-core/

Answer 5

我已经实现BasicAuthenticationHandler了基本身份验证，因此您可以将其与standart属性Authorize和一起使用AllowAnonymous。

public class BasicAuthenticationHandler : AuthenticationHandler<BasicAuthenticationOptions>
{
    protected override Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync()
    {
        var authHeader = (string)this.Request.Headers["Authorization"];

        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(authHeader) && authHeader.StartsWith("basic", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
        {
            //Extract credentials
            string encodedUsernamePassword = authHeader.Substring("Basic ".Length).Trim();
            Encoding encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1");
            string usernamePassword = encoding.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(encodedUsernamePassword));

            int seperatorIndex = usernamePassword.IndexOf(':', StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

            var username = usernamePassword.Substring(0, seperatorIndex);
            var password = usernamePassword.Substring(seperatorIndex + 1);

            //you also can use this.Context.Authentication here
            if (username == "test" && password == "test")
            {
                var user = new GenericPrincipal(new GenericIdentity("User"), null);
                var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(user, new AuthenticationProperties(), Options.AuthenticationScheme);
                return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(ticket));
            }
            else
            {
                return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("No valid user."));
            }
        }

        this.Response.Headers["WWW-Authenticate"]= "Basic realm=\"yourawesomesite.net\"";
        return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("No credentials."));
    }
}

public class BasicAuthenticationMiddleware : AuthenticationMiddleware<BasicAuthenticationOptions>
{
    public BasicAuthenticationMiddleware(
       RequestDelegate next,
       IOptions<BasicAuthenticationOptions> options,
       ILoggerFactory loggerFactory,
       UrlEncoder encoder)
       : base(next, options, loggerFactory, encoder)
    {
    }

    protected override AuthenticationHandler<BasicAuthenticationOptions> CreateHandler()
    {
        return new BasicAuthenticationHandler();
    }
}

public class BasicAuthenticationOptions : AuthenticationOptions
{
    public BasicAuthenticationOptions()
    {
        AuthenticationScheme = "Basic";
        AutomaticAuthenticate = true;
    }
}

在Startup.cs-上注册app.UseMiddleware<BasicAuthenticationMiddleware>();。使用此代码，您可以使用标准属性Autorize限制任何控制器：

[Authorize(ActiveAuthenticationSchemes = "Basic")]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ValuesController : Controller

并AllowAnonymous在应用程序级别应用授权过滤器时使用属性。