如何在Perl中实现二进制搜索？

Question

我想在Perl中实现二进制搜索算法.我的'数组'按递减顺序排序(不是实际数组,而是获取索引并返回值的函数).问题是可能存在一系列相同的值.如果我的搜索值在这样的范围内,我想返回包含它的第一个索引.

这就是我写的:

# get_val should be a *decreasing* function for idexes $i in min..max,
# formally: for any $i,$j s.t. $max>=$i>$j>=$min :
# $get_val_subref($i, $extra) <= $get_val_subref($j, $extra)
# min and max are the inclusive boundaries for the search
# get_val sub should get an index in min..max and an extra data reference, and return
# the value for the given index
# returns the smallest index $i in min..max for which $get_val_subref($j, $extra)
# returns $searched_val, or undef if no such index exists
sub binary_search {
    my ( $min, $max, $searched_val, $get_val_subref, $get_val_sub_extra_data )
        = @_;
    my ( $mid, $val );
    while ( $min <= $max ) {
        $mid = $min + int( ( $max - $min ) / 2 );
        $val = $get_val_subref->( $mid, $get_val_sub_extra_data );

        if ( $val > $searched_val ) {
            $min = $mid + 1;
        }
        elsif ( $val < $searched_val ) {
            $max = $mid - 1;
        }
        else { ## SEE MY QUESTION BELOW ##

            # surely $val == $searched_val, but is it the first one?

            if (    $mid > $min
                and $get_val_subref->( $mid - 1, $get_val_sub_extra_data )
                == $searched_val )
            {

                # $val == $searched_val and prev($val) == $searched_val
                # we have to continue
                $max = $mid - 1;
            }
            else {

                # $val == $searched_val and prev($val) != $searched_val
                # wer'e done
                return $mid;
            }
        }
    }

    # $val was not found. return undef
    return undef;

}

这是一个使用它的简单示例:

sub get_val_sub {
    my ( $pos, $a ) = @_;
    my $val = $a->[$pos];
    return $val;
}

my @arr = (80, 40, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
 say "RET:", binary_search( 0, $#arr, 0, \&get_val_sub, \@arr );

问题是我不确定我的最后一个(标有## SEE MY QUESTION BELOW ##)是"漂亮".有没有更好的方法呢？

Answer 1

虽然我最初同意 Axeman 的答案......它在某种程度上类似于我使用线性逻辑的第一个（非常糟糕的）答案（至少是其中的一小部分）。具体来说，没有理由用 来$get_val_subref调用$mid - 1。这是不必要的线性搜索步骤。

这就是我的建议。除了避免线性搜索之外，它还有一个非常简单的好处：

sub binary_search {
    ...
    my ( $mid, $val, $solution );
    while ( $min <= $max ) {
        ...
        else {
            $solution = $mid; # Store a possible solution.
            $max = $mid - 1;  # But continue with the binary search
                              # until $min and $max converge on each other.
        }
    }
    return $solution;
}