如何在Fortran中处理大整数?

Fre*_*red 3 fortran biginteger

我需要生成一些大整数。请参见下面的示例。

Input   Result    
 40 165580141    
 80 37889062373143906    
120 8670007398507948658051921    
160 1983924214061919432247806074196061    
200 453973694165307953197296969697410619233826
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这是我的Fortran代码:

program cycle
    use iso_fortran_env
  implicit none
  character(200) :: str
  integer :: n
    integer(kind=int64) :: x1, result, x2, x3

    do n = 40, 500, 40
        x1 = n
        result = 1
        x2 = 0
        x3 = 1
        do 
            if (x1 > 1) then
                x2 = result
                result = result + x3 
                x3 = x2     
                x1 = x1 - 1
            else
                exit
            end if
        end do
        write(str,'(i64)')  result
        print *, n, adjustl(str)
    end do
end program cycle
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这是示例输出:

 40 165580141 
 80 37889062373143906 
120 790376311979428689  
160 9217463444206948445 
200 3721511182311577122 
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如您所见,它正确地获取了前两个数字,但其余数字超出了64位整数的范围。我看过其他问题(1),但我对一种简单的方法非常感兴趣,最好是内置在语言本身中。在Ruby和Go中,我没有什么麻烦。我是否忽略了Fortran中明显的内容?我可以在代码中使用更好的选择吗?

roy*_*vib 6

没有内置的“大数”支持,但是我们可以首先检查是否存在更大的整数类型(如上面的Francescalus所述,以及之前的许多页面(例如,此页面)。)在装有gfortran-6.1的计算机上,编译器似乎支持128位整数类型,因此我最多可以计算n = 160左右的结果。

program cycle
...
integer, parameter :: verylong = selected_int_kind(32)
integer(verylong) :: x1, result, x2, x3

print *, "int32 = ", int32   !! from iso_fortran_env
print *, "int64 = ", int64
print *
print *, "kind..(16) => ", selected_int_kind(16)  !! 8
print *, "kind..(32) => ", selected_int_kind(32)  !! 16
print *, "kind..(40) => ", selected_int_kind(40)  !! -1 (not available)
print *, "kind..(64) => ", selected_int_kind(64)  !! -1 (not available)
print *
print *, "sizeof(x1)       = ", sizeof(x1), "(bytes)"       !! GNU extension
print *, "storage_size(x1) = ", storage_size(x1), "(bits)"  !! F2008
print *, "huge(x1)         = ", huge(x1)                    !! largest integer
...
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结果:

 int32 =            4
 int64 =            8

 kind..(16) =>            8
 kind..(32) =>           16
 kind..(40) =>           -1
 kind..(64) =>           -1

 sizeof(x1)       =                    16 (bytes)
 storage_size(x1) =          128 (bits)
 huge(x1)         =  170141183460469231731687303715884105727

 n=          40 res= 165580141
 n=          80 res= 37889062373143906
 n=         120 res= 8670007398507948658051921
 n=         160 res= 1983924214061919432247806074196061
 n=         200 res= 37016692776042937155243383431825151522
 n=         240 res= -159769225356713774587328406036589956191
 ...
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尽管没有内置的“ BigInt”类型,但使用外部库非常简单(例如,从此页面链接的fmlib)。由于各种运算符和分配都过载,因此几乎不需要修改代码。

程序:

1)下载文件FMfiles.zip和提取FM.95FMZM90.f95以及FMSAVE.f95

2)制作一个库文件为

gfortran -c -O2 FMSAVE.f95 FMZM90.f95 FM.f95
ar rv fmlib.a FM*.o
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3)如下修改您的代码(修改的部分用箭头标记)。

program cycle
    use FMZM           !<----- a module for handling big numbers
    implicit none
    character(200) :: str
    integer :: n
    type(IM) :: x1, result, x2, x3     !<----- IM = BigInt, FM = BigFloat

    do n = 40, 500, 40
        x1 = n
        result = 1
        x2 = 0
        x3 = 1
        do 
            if (x1 > 1) then
                x2 = result
                result = result + x3 
                x3 = x2     
                x1 = x1 - 1
            else
                exit
            end if
        end do
        str = IM_format( 'i200', result )   !<----- convert BigInt to string
        print *, n, trim( adjustl(str) )    !<----- print huge integers
    end do
end program cycle
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4)编译(假设“ test.f90”是上面的代码):

gfortran test.f90 fmlib.a
./a.out
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5)结果

   n result
  40 165580141
  80 37889062373143906
 120 8670007398507948658051921
 160 1983924214061919432247806074196061
 200 453973694165307953197296969697410619233826
 240 103881042195729914708510518382775401680142036775841
 280 23770696554372451866815101694984845480039225387896643963981
 320 5439356428629292972296177350244602806380313370817060034433662955746
 360 1244666864935793005828156005589143096022236302705537193166716344690085611761
 400 284812298108489611757988937681460995615380088782304890986477195645969271404032323901
 440 65172495098135102433647404982700073500075401759827878315356483347951218369680224170989749666
 480 14913169640232740127827512057302148063648650711209401966150219926546779697987984279570098768737999681
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我们可以通过注意resultfor n实际上等于fibonacci(n + 1)来验证结果,例如,我们有fibonacci(481) for n = 480