捕获FULL异常消息
Jus*_*Guy 48 powershell exception-handling exception
考虑:
Invoke-WebRequest $sumoApiURL -Headers @{"Content-Type"= "application/json"} -Credential $cred -WebSession $webRequestSession -Method post -Body $sumojson -ErrorAction Stop
这会引发以下异常:
如何完全捕获它或至少过滤掉"已存在同名资源"？
使用$_.Exception.GetType().FullName收益率
System.Net.WebException
并$_.Exception.Message给出
远程服务器返回错误:(400)错误请求.
Ans*_*ers 88
PowerShell中的错误和异常是结构化对象.您在控制台上看到的错误消息实际上是一个格式化的消息,其中包含来自错误/异常对象的多个元素的信息.你可以自己(重新)自己构建它:
$formatstring = "{0} : {1}`n{2}`n" +
" + CategoryInfo : {3}`n" +
" + FullyQualifiedErrorId : {4}`n"
$fields = $_.InvocationInfo.MyCommand.Name,
$_.ErrorDetails.Message,
$_.InvocationInfo.PositionMessage,
$_.CategoryInfo.ToString(),
$_.FullyQualifiedErrorId
$formatstring -f $fields
如果您只想在catch块中显示错误消息,则可以简单地回显当前对象变量(在该点保存错误):
try {
...
} catch {
$_
}
如果您需要使用Write-Host带有格式化字符串的彩色输出,如上所述:
try {
...
} catch {
...
Write-Host -Foreground Red -Background Black ($formatstring -f $fields)
}
话虽如此,通常你不想只是在异常处理程序中显示错误消息(否则-ErrorAction Stop将是毫无意义的).结构化错误/异常对象为您提供了可用于更好地控制错误的其他信息.例如,您有$_.Exception.HResult实际的错误号.$_.ScriptStackTrace并且$_.Exception.StackTrace,这样你就可以在调试时显示踪迹.$_.Exception.InnerException使您可以访问嵌套的异常,这些异常通常包含有关错误的其他信息(顶级PowerShell错误可能有点通用).您可以使用以下内容展开这些嵌套异常:
$e = $_.Exception
$msg = $e.Message
while ($e.InnerException) {
$e = $e.InnerException
$msg += "`n" + $e.Message
}
$msg
在您的情况下,您要提取的信息似乎在$_.ErrorDetails.Message.如果你有一个对象或一个JSON字符串,我不太清楚,但你应该能够$_.ErrorDetails通过运行获得有关成员的类型和值的信息
$_.ErrorDetails | Get-Member
$_.ErrorDetails | Format-List *
如果$_.ErrorDetails.Message是对象,您应该能够获得如下消息字符串:
$_.ErrorDetails.Message.message
否则你需要先将JSON字符串转换为对象:
$_.ErrorDetails.Message | ConvertFrom-Json | Select-Object -Expand message
根据您正在处理的错误类型,特定类型的异常可能还包括有关手头问题的更具体信息.例如,在您的情况下WebException,除了错误消息($_.Exception.Message)之外,您还有一个来自服务器的实际响应:
PS C:\> $e.Exception | Get-Member
TypeName: System.Net.WebException
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj), bool _Exception.E...
GetBaseException Method System.Exception GetBaseException(), System.Excep...
GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode(), int _Exception.GetHashCode()
GetObjectData Method void GetObjectData(System.Runtime.Serialization.S...
GetType Method type GetType(), type _Exception.GetType()
ToString Method string ToString(), string _Exception.ToString()
Data Property System.Collections.IDictionary Data {get;}
HelpLink Property string HelpLink {get;set;}
HResult Property int HResult {get;}
InnerException Property System.Exception InnerException {get;}
Message Property string Message {get;}
Response Property System.Net.WebResponse Response {get;}
Source Property string Source {get;set;}
StackTrace Property string StackTrace {get;}
Status Property System.Net.WebExceptionStatus Status {get;}
TargetSite Property System.Reflection.MethodBase TargetSite {get;}
它为您提供如下信息:
PS C:\> $e.Exception.Response
IsMutuallyAuthenticated : False
Cookies : {}
Headers : {Keep-Alive, Connection, Content-Length, Content-T...}
SupportsHeaders : True
ContentLength : 198
ContentEncoding :
ContentType : text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
CharacterSet : iso-8859-1
Server : Apache/2.4.10
LastModified : 17.07.2016 14:39:29
StatusCode : NotFound
StatusDescription : Not Found
ProtocolVersion : 1.1
ResponseUri : http://www.example.com/
Method : POST
IsFromCache : False
由于并非所有异常都具有完全相同的属性集,因此您可能希望针对特定异常使用特定处理程序:
try {
...
} catch [System.ArgumentException] {
# handle argument exceptions
} catch [System.Net.WebException] {
# handle web exceptions
} catch {
# handle all other exceptions
}
如果无论是否发生错误都需要执行操作(清除任务,如关闭套接字或数据库连接),可以finally在异常处理后将它们放入块中:
try {
...
} catch {
...
} finally {
# cleanup operations go here
}
- 如果您认为PowerShell的默认格式错误旨在激怒C#工程师并鼓励他们将PowerShell投入黑洞,请进行投票. (4认同)
Gor*_*gus 17
选项 1：简单但有效，足以满足大多数用途
try {1/0} catch { $_ | Format-List * -Force | Out-String }
结果是：
PSMessageDetails :
Exception : System.Management.Automation.RuntimeException: Attempted to divide by zero. ---> System.DivideByZeroException: Attempted to divide by zero.
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Management.Automation.ExceptionHandlingOps.CheckActionPreference(FunctionContext funcContext, Exception exception)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.ActionCallInstruction`2.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
TargetObject :
CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [], RuntimeException
FullyQualifiedErrorId : RuntimeException
ErrorDetails :
InvocationInfo : System.Management.Automation.InvocationInfo
ScriptStackTrace : at <ScriptBlock>, <No file>: line 1
PipelineIterationInfo : {}
选项 2：同时打印调用信息
try {1/0} catch { $_ | Format-List * -Force | Out-String ; $_.InvocationInfo | Format-List * -Force | Out-String }
结果是：
PSMessageDetails :
Exception : System.Management.Automation.RuntimeException: Attempted to divide by zero. ---> System.DivideByZeroException: Attempted to divide by zero.
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Management.Automation.ExceptionHandlingOps.CheckActionPreference(FunctionContext funcContext, Exception exception)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.ActionCallInstruction`2.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
TargetObject :
CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [], RuntimeException
FullyQualifiedErrorId : RuntimeException
ErrorDetails :
InvocationInfo : System.Management.Automation.InvocationInfo
ScriptStackTrace : at <ScriptBlock>, <No file>: line 1
PipelineIterationInfo : {}
MyCommand :
BoundParameters : {}
UnboundArguments : {}
ScriptLineNumber : 1
OffsetInLine : 6
HistoryId : -1
ScriptName :
Line : try {1/0} catch { $_ | Format-List * -Force | Out-String ; $_.InvocationInfo | Format-List * -Force | Out-String }
PositionMessage : At line:1 char:6
+ try {1/0} catch { $_ | Format-List * -Force | Out-String ; $_.Invocat ...
+ ~~~
PSScriptRoot :
PSCommandPath :
InvocationName :
PipelineLength : 0
PipelinePosition : 0
ExpectingInput : False
CommandOrigin : Internal
DisplayScriptPosition :
选项 3：以上两者加上所有内部异常
try {1/0} catch { $Exception = $_; $Exception | Format-List * -Force | Out-String ; $Exception.InvocationInfo | Format-List * -Force | Out-String ; for ($i = 0; $Exception; $i++, ($Exception = $Exception.InnerException)) { Write-Host ("$i" * 80) ; $Exception | Format-List * -Force | Out-String } }
PSMessageDetails :
Exception : System.Management.Automation.RuntimeException: Attempted to divide by zero. ---> System.DivideByZeroException: Attempted to divide by zero.
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Management.Automation.ExceptionHandlingOps.CheckActionPreference(FunctionContext funcContext, Exception exception)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.ActionCallInstruction`2.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
TargetObject :
CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [], RuntimeException
FullyQualifiedErrorId : RuntimeException
ErrorDetails :
InvocationInfo : System.Management.Automation.InvocationInfo
ScriptStackTrace : at <ScriptBlock>, <No file>: line 1
PipelineIterationInfo : {}
MyCommand :
BoundParameters : {}
UnboundArguments : {}
ScriptLineNumber : 1
OffsetInLine : 6
HistoryId : -1
ScriptName :
Line : try {1/0} catch { $Exception = $_; $Exception | Format-List * -Force | Out-String ; $Exception.InvocationInfo | Format-List * -Force | Out-String ; for ($i = 0; $Exception;
$i++, ($Exception = $Exception.InnerException)) { Write-Host ("$i" * 80) ; $Exception | Format-List * -Force | Out-String } }
PositionMessage : At line:1 char:6
+ try {1/0} catch { $Exception = $_; $Exception | Format-List * -Force ...
+ ~~~
PSScriptRoot :
PSCommandPath :
InvocationName :
PipelineLength : 0
PipelinePosition : 0
ExpectingInput : False
CommandOrigin : Internal
DisplayScriptPosition :
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
PSMessageDetails :
Exception : System.Management.Automation.RuntimeException: Attempted to divide by zero. ---> System.DivideByZeroException: Attempted to divide by zero.
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Management.Automation.ExceptionHandlingOps.CheckActionPreference(FunctionContext funcContext, Exception exception)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.ActionCallInstruction`2.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
TargetObject :
CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [], RuntimeException
FullyQualifiedErrorId : RuntimeException
ErrorDetails :
InvocationInfo : System.Management.Automation.InvocationInfo
ScriptStackTrace : at <ScriptBlock>, <No file>: line 1
PipelineIterationInfo : {}
mms*_*eng 12
我不断回到这些问题上，试图找出我感兴趣的数据究竟隐藏在真正单一的 ErrorRecord 结构中的何处。几乎所有的答案都给出了有关如何提取某些数据位的零碎说明。
但是我发现转储整个对象非常有帮助，ConvertTo-Json这样我就可以在一个易于理解的布局中直观地看到所有内容。
try {
Invoke-WebRequest...
}
catch {
Write-Host ($_ | ConvertTo-Json)
}
使用ConvertTo-Json的-Depth参数来扩展更深的值，但在超过2:P的默认深度时要格外小心
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.utility/convertto-json
- “ConvertTo-Json”让我失望，因为“不支持字典的序列化或反序列化类型“System.Collections.ListDictionaryInternal”。键必须是字符串。`; 我通过使用“Out-String”得到了我需要的东西。 (3认同)
以下对我来说很好
try {
asdf
} catch {
$string_err = $_ | Out-String
}
write-host $string_err
结果如下所示，而不是使用ErrorRecord对象作为字符串
asdf : The term 'asdf' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.
At C:\Users\TASaif\Desktop\tmp\catch_exceptions.ps1:2 char:5
+ asdf
+ ~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : ObjectNotFound: (asdf:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException