如何以编程方式查找Python已知的编解码器列表？

Question

我知道我可以做以下事情:

>>> import encodings, pprint
>>> pprint.pprint(sorted(encodings.aliases.aliases.values()))
['ascii',
 'base64_codec',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'bz2_codec',
 'cp037',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb18030',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'hex_codec',
 'hp_roman8',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'latin_1',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'mbcs',
 'ptcp154',
 'quopri_codec',
 'rot_13',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'tactis',
 'tis_620',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'uu_codec',
 'zlib_codec']

我也知道肯定这是不是一个完整的列表,因为它包含只针对其中存在的别名(如"cp737"丢失)的编码,并且至少一些伪编码缺失(如"string_escape").

正如问题的标题所说:我如何以编程方式获取Python已知的所有编解码器/编码的列表？

如果不是以编程方式:是否有完整的在线列表？

Answer 1

我不认为完整列表存储在python标准库中的任何位置.而是通过调用来按需加载编码encoding.search_function(encoding).如果您在那里学习代码,看起来encoding首先将字符串规范化,然后在encodings包中搜索名称匹配的子模块encoding.

以下用于pkgutil列出所有子模块encoding,然后将它们添加到列出的子模块中encoding.aliases.aliases.

不幸的是,encoding.aliases.aliases包含一个tactis不是由上面生成的编码,所以我尝试通过联合两个集来生成完整列表.

import encodings
import os
import pkgutil

modnames=set([modname for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(
    path=[os.path.dirname(encodings.__file__)], prefix='')])
aliases=set(encodings.aliases.aliases.values())

print(modnames-aliases)
# set(['charmap', 'unicode_escape', 'cp1006', 'unicode_internal', 'punycode', 'string_escape', 'aliases', 'palmos', 'mac_centeuro', 'mac_farsi', 'mac_romanian', 'cp856', 'raw_unicode_escape', 'mac_croatian', 'utf_8_sig', 'mac_arabic', 'undefined', 'cp737', 'idna', 'koi8_u', 'cp875', 'cp874', 'iso8859_1'])

print(aliases-modnames)
# set(['tactis'])

codec_names=modnames.union(aliases)
print(codec_names)
# set(['bz2_codec', 'cp1140', 'euc_jp', 'cp932', 'punycode', 'euc_jisx0213', 'aliases', 'hex_codec', 'cp500', 'uu_codec', 'big5hkscs', 'mac_romanian', 'mbcs', 'euc_jis_2004', 'iso2022_jp_3', 'iso2022_jp_2', 'iso2022_jp_1', 'gbk', 'iso2022_jp_2004', 'unicode_internal', 'utf_16_be', 'quopri_codec', 'cp424', 'iso2022_jp', 'mac_iceland', 'raw_unicode_escape', 'hp_roman8', 'iso2022_kr', 'cp875', 'iso8859_6', 'cp1254', 'utf_32_be', 'gb2312', 'cp850', 'shift_jis', 'cp852', 'cp855', 'iso8859_3', 'cp857', 'cp856', 'cp775', 'unicode_escape', 'cp1026', 'mac_latin2', 'utf_32', 'mac_cyrillic', 'base64_codec', 'ptcp154', 'palmos', 'mac_centeuro', 'euc_kr', 'hz', 'utf_8', 'utf_32_le', 'mac_greek', 'utf_7', 'mac_turkish', 'utf_8_sig', 'mac_arabic', 'tactis', 'cp949', 'zlib_codec', 'big5', 'iso8859_9', 'iso8859_8', 'iso8859_5', 'iso8859_4', 'iso8859_7', 'cp874', 'iso8859_1', 'utf_16_le', 'iso8859_2', 'charmap', 'gb18030', 'cp1006', 'shift_jis_2004', 'mac_roman', 'ascii', 'string_escape', 'iso8859_15', 'iso8859_14', 'tis_620', 'iso8859_16', 'iso8859_11', 'iso8859_10', 'iso8859_13', 'cp950', 'utf_16', 'cp869', 'mac_farsi', 'rot_13', 'cp860', 'cp861', 'cp862', 'cp863', 'cp864', 'cp865', 'cp866', 'shift_jisx0213', 'johab', 'mac_croatian', 'cp1255', 'latin_1', 'cp1257', 'cp1256', 'cp1251', 'cp1250', 'cp1253', 'cp1252', 'cp437', 'cp1258', 'undefined', 'cp737', 'koi8_r', 'cp037', 'koi8_u', 'iso2022_jp_ext', 'idna'])