Asp.NET MVC 5实体框架中的对象名称'dbo.AspNetUsers'无效

Question

如果您有现有数据库,并且要向其中包含Asp.NET Identity表,则可能会遇到此错误.同样在开始时,您可能不知道如何将[AspNetRoles],[AspNetUserClaims],[AspNetUsers],[AspNetUserLogins]表集成到现有数据库中.尽管有很多关于这个主题的资源,但这个答案是最短的答案之一.除了Asp.NET MVC的Asp.NET Identity功能之外,您可能希望在Entity Framework中使用Database-First方法.这是一个非常简短的假人教程.对不起我的英语,如果它很差.

Answer 1

以下是Asp.NET Identity表与现有数据库的最短集成.

1)在Visual Studio(2015或2013)中打开新项目或现有项目.打开服务器资源管理器并打开DefaultConnection.找到您的Identity表.(在WebConfig文件中,localDB connectionstring应该是活动的.并且您的其他现有数据库的连接字符串不应处于活动状态.)双击[AspNetRoles],[AspNetUserClaims],[AspNetUsers],[AspNetUserLogins]表.并复制他们所有的SQL代码.

2)在SQL Server Management Studio中打开现有数据库,右键单击您的数据库,然后单击"在此处查询您在第1部分中复制的内容".你会经历这样的事情:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[AspNetRoles] (
[Id]   NVARCHAR (128) NOT NULL,
[Name] NVARCHAR (256) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.AspNetRoles] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC)
);


GO
CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [RoleNameIndex]
ON [dbo].[AspNetRoles]([Name] ASC);



CREATE TABLE [dbo].[AspNetUsers] (
[Id]                   NVARCHAR (128) NOT NULL,
[Email]                NVARCHAR (256) NULL,
[EmailConfirmed]       BIT            NOT NULL,
[PasswordHash]         NVARCHAR (MAX) NULL,
[SecurityStamp]        NVARCHAR (MAX) NULL,
[PhoneNumber]          NVARCHAR (MAX) NULL,
[PhoneNumberConfirmed] BIT            NOT NULL,
[TwoFactorEnabled]     BIT            NOT NULL,
[LockoutEndDateUtc]    DATETIME       NULL,
[LockoutEnabled]       BIT            NOT NULL,
[AccessFailedCount]    INT            NOT NULL,
[UserName]             NVARCHAR (256) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.AspNetUsers] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC)
);


GO
CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [UserNameIndex]
ON [dbo].[AspNetUsers]([UserName] ASC);


CREATE TABLE [dbo].[AspNetUserRoles] (
[UserId] NVARCHAR (128) NOT NULL,
[RoleId] NVARCHAR (128) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.AspNetUserRoles] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([UserId] ASC, [RoleId] ASC),
CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.AspNetUserRoles_dbo.AspNetRoles_RoleId] FOREIGN KEY ([RoleId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[AspNetRoles] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.AspNetUserRoles_dbo.AspNetUsers_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[AspNetUsers] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );


GO
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_UserId]
ON [dbo].[AspNetUserRoles]([UserId] ASC);


GO
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_RoleId]
ON [dbo].[AspNetUserRoles]([RoleId] ASC);



CREATE TABLE [dbo].[AspNetUserLogins] (
[LoginProvider] NVARCHAR (128) NOT NULL,
[ProviderKey]   NVARCHAR (128) NOT NULL,
[UserId]        NVARCHAR (128) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.AspNetUserLogins] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([LoginProvider] ASC, [ProviderKey] ASC, [UserId] ASC),
CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.AspNetUserLogins_dbo.AspNetUsers_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[AspNetUsers] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
);


GO
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_UserId]
ON [dbo].[AspNetUserLogins]([UserId] ASC);



CREATE TABLE [dbo].[AspNetUserClaims] (
[Id]         INT            IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL,
[UserId]     NVARCHAR (128) NOT NULL,
[ClaimType]  NVARCHAR (MAX) NULL,
[ClaimValue] NVARCHAR (MAX) NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.AspNetUserClaims] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC),
CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.AspNetUserClaims_dbo.AspNetUsers_UserId] FOREIGN KEY ([UserId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[AspNetUsers] ([Id]) ON DELETE CASCADE
);


GO
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_UserId]
ON [dbo].[AspNetUserClaims]([UserId] ASC);

如果您忘记以GO开头的行,您将看到此问题标题中的错误.运行此查询并等待成功创建表.您现有的数据库现在已准备好使用Asp.NET MVC 5的Identity功能.

3)在Visual Studio中打开WebConfig.我们将在这里更改连接字符串.写这个:

 <add name="DefaultConnection" connectionString="Data Source=YOUR_SERVER_NAME;Initial Catalog=YOUR_DATABASE_NAME;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=YOUR_USER_ID;Password=YOUR_PASSWORD.;MultipleActiveResultSets=True;Application Name=EntityFramework"  providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>

而不是localDB连接字符串.这是:

 <add name="DefaultConnection" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\MSSQLLocalDB;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\aspnet-....mdf;Initial Catalog=aspnet-...;Integrated Security=True" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />

这就是你需要做的.运行您的项目并注册.您可以在现有数据库的AspNetUsers表中查看新用户数据.

Answer 2

在 Visual Studio 中，转到“工具 -> NuGet 包管理器 -> 包管理器控制台”，然后在控制台窗口（在 Visual Studio 内）执行“Update-Database”命令

Answer 3

我遇到了同样的问题，在这里我忘记调用ensureCreated()。调用此方法后，它将创建 Identity 所需的所有表。

启动文件

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
        ...

        // Make sure we have the database
        serviceProvider.GetService<ApplicationDbContext>().Database.EnsureCreated();
}