从python中的.dat文件读取和进行计算

Question

我需要在 python 中读取一个 .dat 文件，它总共有 12 列和数百万行行。我需要将第 2,3 和第 4 列与第 1 列分开进行计算。因此，在加载该 .dat 文件之前，是否需要删除所有其他不需要的列？如果没有，我如何有选择地声明该列并让 python 进行数学计算？

.dat 文件的一个例子是 data.dat

我是 python 的新手，所以如果能提供一些打开、阅读和计算的说明，我们将不胜感激。

我已经根据您的建议添加了我用作初学者的代码：

from sys import argv

import pandas as pd



script, filename = argv

txt = open(filename)

print "Here's your file %r:" % filename
print txt.read()

def your_func(row):
    return row['x-momentum'] / row['mass']

columns_to_keep = ['mass', 'x-momentum']
dataframe = pd.read_csv('~/Pictures', delimiter="," , usecols=columns_to_keep)
dataframe['new_column'] = dataframe.apply(your_func, axis=1)

还有我遇到的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "flash.py", line 18, in <module>
    dataframe = pd.read_csv('~/Pictures', delimiter="," , usecols=columns_to_keep)
  File "/home/trina/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 529, in parser_f
    return _read(filepath_or_buffer, kwds)
  File "/home/trina/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 295, in _read
    parser = TextFileReader(filepath_or_buffer, **kwds)
  File "/home/trina/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 612, in __init__
    self._make_engine(self.engine)
  File "/home/trina/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 747, in _make_engine
    self._engine = CParserWrapper(self.f, **self.options)
  File "/home/trina/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 1119, in __init__
    self._reader = _parser.TextReader(src, **kwds)
  File "pandas/parser.pyx", line 518, in pandas.parser.TextReader.__cinit__ (pandas/parser.c:5030)
ValueError: No columns to parse from file

Answer 1

查看您的flash.dat文件后，很明显您需要在处理之前进行一些清理。以下代码将其转换为 CSV 文件：

import csv

# read flash.dat to a list of lists
datContent = [i.strip().split() for i in open("./flash.dat").readlines()]

# write it as a new CSV file
with open("./flash.csv", "wb") as f:
    writer = csv.writer(f)
    writer.writerows(datContent)

现在，使用 Pandas 计算新列。

import pandas as pd

def your_func(row):
    return row['x-momentum'] / row['mass']

columns_to_keep = ['#time', 'x-momentum', 'mass']
dataframe = pd.read_csv("./flash.csv", usecols=columns_to_keep)
dataframe['new_column'] = dataframe.apply(your_func, axis=1)

print dataframe