Android主线程阻塞WebView线程

Question

我一直在研究一个问题,即在一个WebView(带有返回值)中对JavaScript进行同步调用,并试图缩小它为什么不起作用的地点和原因.WebView当主线程正在等待来自它的响应时,似乎线程正在阻塞 - 自从在WebView单独的线程上运行以来不应该是这种情况.

我把这个小样本放在一起,相当清楚地展示了它(我希望):

main.xml中:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
              android:orientation="vertical"
              android:layout_width="fill_parent"
              android:layout_height="fill_parent"
              android:weightSum="1">

    <WebView
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="fill_parent"
            android:id="@+id/webView"/>
</LinearLayout>

MyActivity.java:

package com.example.myapp;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.webkit.WebSettings;
import android.webkit.WebView;
import android.webkit.JavascriptInterface;
import android.webkit.WebViewClient;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MyActivity extends Activity {

    public final static String TAG = "MyActivity";

    private WebView webView;
    private JSInterface JS;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        webView = (WebView)findViewById(R.id.webView);
        JS = new JSInterface();

        webView.addJavascriptInterface(JS, JS.getInterfaceName());

        WebSettings settings = webView.getSettings();
        settings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);

        webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
             public void onPageFinished(WebView view, String url) {
                 Log.d(TAG, JS.getEval("test()"));
             }
         });

        webView.loadData("<script>function test() {JSInterface.log(\"returning Success\"); return 'Success';}</script>Test", "text/html", "UTF-8");
    }


    private class JSInterface {

        private static final String TAG = "JSInterface";

        private final String interfaceName = "JSInterface";
        private CountDownLatch latch;
        private String returnValue;

        public JSInterface() {
        }

        public String getInterfaceName() {
            return interfaceName;
        }

        // JS-side functions can call JSInterface.log() to log to logcat

        @JavascriptInterface
        public void log(String str) {
            // log() gets called from Javascript
            Log.i(TAG, str);
        }

        // JS-side functions will indirectly call setValue() via getEval()'s try block, below

        @JavascriptInterface
        public void setValue(String value) {
            // setValue() receives the value from Javascript
            Log.d(TAG, "setValue(): " + value);
            returnValue = value;
            latch.countDown();
        }

        // getEval() is for when you need to evaluate JS code and get the return value back

        public String getEval(String js) {
            Log.d(TAG, "getEval(): " + js);
            returnValue = null;
            latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
            final String code = interfaceName
                    + ".setValue(function(){try{return " + js
                    + "+\"\";}catch(js_eval_err){return '';}}());";
            Log.d(TAG, "getEval(): " + code);

            // It doesn't actually matter which one we use; neither works:
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19)
                webView.evaluateJavascript(code, null);
            else
                webView.loadUrl("javascript:" + code);

            // The problem is that latch.await() appears to block, not allowing the JavaBridge
            // thread to run -- i.e., to call setValue() and therefore latch.countDown() --
            // so latch.await() always runs until it times out and getEval() returns ""

            try {
                // Set a 4 second timeout for the worst/longest possible case
                latch.await(4, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "InterruptedException");
            }
            if (returnValue == null) {
                Log.i(TAG, "getEval(): Timed out waiting for response");
                returnValue = "";
            }
            Log.d(TAG, "getEval() = " + returnValue);
            return returnValue;
        }

        // eval() is for when you need to run some JS code and don't care about any return value

        public void eval(String js) {
            // No return value
            Log.d(TAG, "eval(): " + js);
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19)
                webView.evaluateJavascript(js, null);
            else
                webView.loadUrl("javascript:" + js);
        }
    }
}

运行时,会产生以下结果:

Emulator Nexus 5 API 23:

05-25 13:34:46.222 16073-16073/com.example.myapp D/JSInterface: getEval(): test()
05-25 13:34:50.224 16073-16073/com.example.myapp I/JSInterface: getEval(): Timed out waiting for response
05-25 13:34:50.224 16073-16073/com.example.myapp D/JSInterface: getEval() = 
05-25 13:34:50.225 16073-16073/com.example.myapp I/Choreographer: Skipped 239 frames!  The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.
05-25 13:34:50.235 16073-16150/com.example.myapp I/JSInterface: returning Success
05-25 13:34:50.237 16073-16150/com.example.myapp D/JSInterface: setValue(): Success

(16073是'主要'; 16150是'JavaBridge')

正如您所看到的,主线程超时等待WebView调用setValue(),直到latch.await()超时并且主线程执行仍在继续.

有趣的是,尝试使用早期的API级别:

Emulator Nexus S API 14:

05-25 13:37:15.225 19458-19458/com.example.myapp D/JSInterface: getEval(): test()
05-25 13:37:15.235 19458-19543/com.example.myapp I/JSInterface: returning Success
05-25 13:37:15.235 19458-19543/com.example.myapp D/JSInterface: setValue(): Success
05-25 13:37:15.235 19458-19458/com.example.myapp D/JSInterface: getEval() = Success
05-25 13:37:15.235 19458-19458/com.example.myapp D/MyActivity: Success

(19458是'主'; 19543是'JavaBridge')

事情按顺序正常工作,getEval()导致WebView调用setValue(),然后latch.await()在超时之前退出(正如您所期望/希望的那样).

(我也尝试过更早的API级别,但是由于我所理解的,2.3.3中一个从未修复的模拟器错误可能会导致崩溃.)

所以我有点失落.在挖掘中,这似乎是正确的做事方法.它看起来似乎是正确的方法,因为它在API级别14上正常工作.但是后来的版本失败了 - 我在5.1和6.0上测试没有成功.

Answer 1

详细了解使用 Android 4.4 迁移 WebView。 请参阅 Android Docs 上的描述，我认为您需要使用另一种方法来为您的 JS 操作提供乐趣。

例如，基于该文档 -异步运行 JS 异步在当前显示页面的上下文中评估 JavaScript。如果非空，|resultCallback| 将使用该执行返回的任何结果来调用。该方法必须在UI线程上调用，并且回调将在UI线程上进行。