如何通过SSL与PostgreSQL数据库连接？

Question

我创建了自己的证书并配置了postgresql.conf文件：

...
#authentication_timeout = 1min          # 1s-600s
ssl = true                              # (change requires restart)
ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
                                        # (change requires restart)
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on         # (change requires restart)
#ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'          # (change requires restart)
ssl_cert_file = '/etc/ssl/certs/company/database/certificate'           # (change requires restart)
ssl_key_file = '/etc/ssl/certs/company/database/key'            # (change requires restart)
ssl_ca_file = '/usr/share/ca-certificates/company/ca/certificate'                        # (change requires restart)
#ssl_crl_file = ''                      # (change requires restart)
#password_encryption = on
#db_user_namespace = off
#row_security = on
...

然后，我允许服务器连接数据库pg_hba.conf：

...
hostssl    postgres             postgres             XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/0            md5
...

因此，我可以通过psql命令行连接到它：

psql (9.5.3)
SSL connection (protocol: TLSv1.2, cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256, compression: off)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=#

但是，当我尝试通过java应用程序打开与数据库的连接时，即使我向信任库提供了包含我的数据库证书的我，也始终无法获得与它的连接：

mvn package -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/opt/app/truststore -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=changeit

例外：

2016-05-23 16:28:32,900 WARN [com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool] - <Having failed to acquire a resource, com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool@75fa1be3 is interrupting all Threads waiting on a resource to check out. Will try again in response to new client requests.>
2016-05-23 16:28:32,900 WARN [com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool] - <com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool$ScatteredAcquireTask@2be057bf -- Acquisition Attempt Failed!!! Clearing pending acquires. While trying to acquire a needed new resource, we failed to succeed more than the maximum number of allowed acquisition attempts (30). Last acquisition attempt exception: >
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at org.postgresql.Driver.parseURL(Driver.java:532)
    at org.postgresql.Driver.acceptsURL(Driver.java:431)
    at java.sql.DriverManager.getDriver(DriverManager.java:299)
    at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DriverManagerDataSource.driver(DriverManagerDataSource.java:285)
    at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.DriverManagerDataSource.getConnection(DriverManagerDataSource.java:161)
    at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.getPooledConnection(WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.java:161)
    at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.getPooledConnection(WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource.java:147)
    at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.C3P0PooledConnectionPool$1PooledConnectionResourcePoolManager.acquireResource(C3P0PooledConnectionPool.java:202)
    at com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool.doAcquire(BasicResourcePool.java:1138)
    at com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool.doAcquireAndDecrementPendingAcquiresWithinLockOnSuccess(BasicResourcePool.java:1125)
    at com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool.access$700(BasicResourcePool.java:44)
    at com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool$ScatteredAcquireTask.run(BasicResourcePool.java:1870)
    at com.mchange.v2.async.ThreadPoolAsynchronousRunner$PoolThread.run(ThreadPoolAsynchronousRunner.java:696)
2016-05-23 16:28:32,901 WARN [com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool] - <Having failed to acquire a resource, com.mchange.v2.resourcepool.BasicResourcePool@75fa1be3 is interrupting all Threads waiting on a resource to check out. Will try again in response to new client requests.>

通过psql一切似乎都工作正常，而不是与我的应用程序。有什么建议吗？

编辑：

我的props.properties档案：

uatDb.user=postgres
uatDb.password=password
uatDb.driverClass=org.postgresql.Driver
uatDb.jdbcUrl=jdbc:postgresql://<server_name>:1234/uat?ssl=true
uatDb.port=5443
uatDb.name=uat
uatDb.host=<server_name>

Answer 1

url=jdbc:postgresql://<host_url_or_ip>:<port>/<db_name>?currentSchema=<schema_name>&sslmode=verify-ca&sslfactory=org.postgresql.ssl.DefaultJavaSSLFactory

注意：如果schema_name是public，则不需要。但是即使端口是默认的，即 5432，你也必须提供它。

对于 sslmode 值参考：https ://jdbc.postgresql.org/documentation/head/ssl-client.html 设置sslfactory=org.postgresql.ssl.DefaultJavaSSLFactory为启用验证。

对于非验证 ssl 连接，您可以使用 sslfactory=org.postgresql.ssl.NonValidatingFactory

但请记住，一旦启用 SSL 验证，它可能需要根 CA 证书。

您有以下各种选择（可能并不详尽。但这些对我有用。）

1. 你可以把它放在它的默认位置，即 ~/Postgres/root.crt 或
2. 将PGSSLROOTCERTenv 变量设置为其路径或
3. 导入信任库并将其路径传递为： -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=[trust_store_path] -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=[trust_store_password]。如果您使用默认信任库，即 JRE，cacerts则不需要这两个环境变量。

参考：

https://jdbc.postgresql.org/documentation/head/ssl-client.html

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/libpq-ssl.html

Answer 2

我相信也需要一个密钥库。由于 ssl=true 应该需要您的自签名证书的私钥。我还会添加“nonValidating SSLFactory”设置

?ssl=true&sslfactory=org.postgresql.ssl.NonValidatingFactory

另外您的端口设置server_name:1234也不匹配5432。

"parseUrl"是一个 null 错误，可能是 JDBC url 中的某个变量设置不正确。