我正试图在lisp中遍历一棵树并打印出所有父子关系.这是我的输入:(5(3(4(1))(g)(9(6)))(n(8(0))(q)(7)(b(f(c(a))) )))我试图让它打印出以下内容:
5>3
5>n
3>4
3>g
3>9
4>1
9>6
n>8
n>q
n>7
n>b
8>0
b>f
f>c
c>a
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我目前的代码如下:
(defun par-child-print (l)
(print l)
(cond ((not (null (caadr l)))
(print "start")
(print (car l))
(print ">")
(print (caadr l))
(print "end")
(cond ((not (atom (car l))) (when (not (eq (car l) NIL)) (par-child-print (car l)))));
(when (not (eq (cdr l) NIL)) (par-child-print (cdr l)))
)
(t
)));
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问题是我的输出有时只打印父级(并且它不会通过整个树).有任何想法吗?
我也有这个通过整个树,但甚至没有试图跟踪父母:
(defun atom-print (l)
(print l)
(cond ((atom l) (print l));
(t
(when (not (eq (car l) NIL)) (atom-print (car l)))
(when (not (eq (cdr l) NIL)) (atom-print (cdr l)))
)));
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树中的每个列表由两部分组成,一个名称和一个子列表.这些都是一样的CAR,并在CDR列表中,但语义的原因,你可以通过定义它们的别名开始:
(defun name (tree) (car tree))
(defun children (tree) (cdr tree))
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这些抽象了树如何实现的细节.然后,给定一棵树,你想要做两件事:
使用父项名称和子项名称为每个孩子打印一行.这可以这样做:
(dolist (child (children tree))
(format t "~&~a > ~a" (name tree) (name child)))
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)以相同的方式打印每个孩子.这是通过递归调用函数来完成的:
(dolist (child (children tree))
(print-tree child))
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)所以整个函数看起来像这样:
(defun print-tree (tree)
(dolist (child (children tree))
(format t "~&~a > ~a" (name tree) (name child)))
(dolist (child (children tree))
(print-tree child)))
(print-tree '(5 (3 (4 (1)) (g) (9 (6))) (n (8 (0)) (q) (7) (b (f (c (a)))))))
; 5 > 3
; 5 > N
; 3 > 4
; 3 > G
; 3 > 9
; 4 > 1
; 9 > 6
; N > 8
; N > Q
; N > 7
; N > B
; 8 > 0
; B > F
; F > C
; C > A
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