Django 登录错误：“尝试写入只读数据库”

Question

我正在尝试在 CentOS 6 上设置 Apache(2.4，从源代码构建)+Django(1.8.12)，但是当我尝试登录我的站点或创建用户或其他写入数据库的内容时，我收到错误：

尝试写入只读数据库

我已经尝试过：

• 将 db 文件的所有者更改为apache用户（不起作用）
• 更改权限：775、774、664 给出与上面相同的错误；666、776 给出：

无法打开数据库文件

• 对 django 项目的整个文件夹执行相同的操作

我遵循了这个教程。

我的 httpd.conf （我添加的部分）：

LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/project/project/wsgi.py
WSGIPythonPath /var/www/project:/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages

<Directory /var/www/project>
<Files wsgi.py>
Require all granted
</Files>
</Directory>

./manage createsuperuser工作正常，用户已添加到数据库。

为了提供媒体服务，我使用 Nginx（所有媒体和静态文件都能正确检索）。

UPD

完整回溯：

Environment:


Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://localhost:8080/accounts/login/

Django Version: 1.8.12
Python Version: 3.5.1
Installed Applications:
('bootstrap3',
 'django_admin_bootstrapped',
 'django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'macros',
 'django_ajax',
 'ckeditor',
 'accounts',
 'main',
 'tutor',
 'public_testing',
 'control_testing',
 'debug_toolbar',
 'django_extensions',
 'mmc')
Installed Middleware:
('django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
 'debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware')


Traceback:
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
  132.                     response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/views/decorators/debug.py" in sensitive_post_parameters_wrapper
  76.             return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
  110.                     response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/views/decorators/cache.py" in _wrapped_view_func
  57.         response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/views.py" in login
  51.             auth_login(request, form.get_user())
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/__init__.py" in login
  110.         request.session.cycle_key()
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/sessions/backends/base.py" in cycle_key
  285.         self.create()
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/sessions/backends/db.py" in create
  41.                 self.save(must_create=True)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/sessions/backends/db.py" in save
  65.                 obj.save(force_insert=must_create, using=using)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in save
  734.                        force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in save_base
  762.             updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in _save_table
  846.             result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in _do_insert
  885.                                using=using, raw=raw)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py" in manager_method
  127.                 return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in _insert
  920.         return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py" in execute_sql
  974.                 cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/debug_toolbar/panels/sql/tracking.py" in execute
  159.         return self._record(self.cursor.execute, sql, params)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/debug_toolbar/panels/sql/tracking.py" in _record
  101.             return method(sql, params)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
  79.             return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
  64.                 return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/utils.py" in __exit__
  98.                 six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/six.py" in reraise
  685.             raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
  64.                 return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/var/www/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py" in execute
  318.         return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)

Exception Type: OperationalError at /accounts/login/
Exception Value: attempt to write a readonly database

更新2

/tmp权限：

drwxrwxrwt   6 root root  4096 Apr 22 10:06 tmp

settings.py 数据库：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

错误页面中的数据库部分：

DATABASES   {'default': {'ATOMIC_REQUESTS': False,
             'AUTOCOMMIT': True,
             'CONN_MAX_AGE': 0,
             'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
             'HOST': '',
             'NAME': '/var/www/project/db.sqlite3',
             'OPTIONS': {},
             'PASSWORD': '********************',
             'PORT': '',
             'TEST': {'CHARSET': None,
                      'COLLATION': None,
                      'MIRROR': None,
                      'NAME': None},
             'TIME_ZONE': 'UTC',
             'USER': ''}}

Answer 1

事实上，这并不是登录错误。当写入 sqlite 数据库的应用程序没有写权限时，就会发生这种情况。由于登录是第一次尝试写入数据库，因此您收到登录错误。

这可以通过三种方式解决：

1. db.sqlite3使用 chown 向用户授予文件及其父目录的所有权（从而也具有写访问权限）（例如： chown username db.sqlite3）
2. sudo -i以root用户身份运行网络服务器（通常是gunicorn）（在运行之前运行命令gunicorn，apache或django runserver）
3. 通过运行命令允许所有用户进行读写访问chmod 777 db.sqlite3（危险选项）

除非您在本地计算机上运行网络服务器或者数据库中的数据对您来说一点也不重要，否则永远不要选择第三个选项。

此外，如果您使用mysql和Postgres等数据库，则不会出现此错误。对于高流量的网络服务器来说，Sqlite 不是一个好的选择。