是否可以在不使用交互式变基的情况下变基和编辑 git 提交？

Question

我定期使用 git rebase -i，我希望找到一种方法来加快这个过程。

例如，我想编辑 git 历史记录中第二个最新的提交。我可以使用：

git rebase -i HEAD~2

...然后将提交设置为“e”并保存

我希望能够做类似的事情：

git rebase edit HEAD~2

rebase可以这样使用吗？

Answer 1

不直接，但您可以编写一个脚本来执行此操作，因为git rebase -i调用两个不同的编辑器。更准确地说，它首先调用命令集上的序列编辑器pick，然后为您已更改为 或的文件调用核心编辑器。pickeditreword

因此，通过将序列编辑器设置为与普通交互式编辑器不同的命令，您可以使交互式变基交互比平常少。（您还可以调整核心编辑器设置，使其根本不交互，即使在交互行为时也是如此。）

序列编辑器取自$GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITORif set, or git config --get sequence.editor, or 使用标准后备。核心编辑器取自$GIT_EDITORif set, or git config --get core.editor, or 使用标准后备。

标准后备是使用$VISUAL，或者如果未设置，则使用$EDITOR，或者如果未设置，则使用编译的默认值（通常vi为 或vim）。

将所有这些放在一起（并使用来自 的位git-sh-setup），我编写了以下完全未经测试的脚本来重写（而不是修改）提交。如何修改它以允许修改（编辑）提交应该是显而易见的。

#! /bin/sh
#
# git-reword: use git rebase -i to reword one particular commit

SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
USAGE="<commit>"

. $(git --exec-path)/git-sh-setup

case $# in
1) ;;
*) usage;;
esac

rev=$(git rev-parse "$1") || exit 1
# We now know which commit to reword; find it relative to HEAD,
# and find the parent argument to pass to "git rebase -i".

# If we wanted to allow multiple rewords we would need to sort
# them topologically so as to find the correct parent argument.
# "git rev-list --no-walk --topo-order <rev> <rev> ..." can do this
# now, but watch out, older rev-lists do not apply the sort if there
# are specific revisions listed on the command line.

if ! git merge-base --is-ancestor $rev HEAD; then
    fatal "$1 is not an ancestor of HEAD, cannot reword by rebasing"
fi
# Is it the root commit?  Are there merges between it and HEAD?
if parent=$(git rev-parse -q --verify ${rev}^); then
    # it has a (first) parent, so don't need --root
    nmerge=$(git rev-list --count --merges $parent..HEAD)
else
    # it has no first parent, so use --root instead
    parent="--root"
    nmerge=$(git rev-list --count --merges HEAD)
fi

# Refuse to run if there are merges.  This is partly a matter
# of taste since we could attempt to combine -i and -p (since
# we are not deleting any pick lines) but it's definitely safer
# to refuse to re-do merges: we don't know if there are evil
# merges, for instance, nor want to force manual re-merges.

if [ $nmerge -gt 0 ]; then
    [ $nmerge -gt 1 ] && msg="are $nmerge merges" || msg="is a merge"
    fatal "Cannot reword: there $msg in the way."
fi

require_clean_work_tree "reword" "Please commit or stash them."

# If we allowed merges, the pick line we want might not be
# the very first pick command; but we don't, so it is, so
# that makes our "editor" pretty easy.

# If we want to allow multiple reword hashes, change this
# to write a script that reads each line and matches SHA-1s
# (we need to expand them a la git-rebase--interactive and
# then match them against the IDs we'd like to reword).

TF=$(mktemp)
trap "rm -f $TF" 0 1 2 3 15
cat << END > $TF
#! /bin/sh
# change first line from "pick ..." to "reword ..."
# copy the remaining lines unchanged
sed -e '1s/^pick/reword/'
END
chmod +x $TF
GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR=$TF git rebase -i $parent