当作为systemd/systemctl服务运行时,本地模块的python导入失败

Question

我有一个python应用程序,我想作为系统服务运行.我手动运行应用程序时运行正常.当我将其作为服务运行时,它无法找到安装的本地模块pip install -e my_module.

该应用程序的主要代码如下:

print(sys.argv)
import pip
installed_packages = pip.get_installed_distributions()
installed_packages_list = sorted(["%s==%s" % (i.key, i.version) for i in installed_packages])
print(installed_packages_list)
print('doing tox')
import tox
print('doing my_mod')
import my_mod
print(my_mod.__file__)
from my_mod.auth.http_auth_provider import HTTPAuthProvider

当我手动运行时,我得到(注意my-mod包含在'已安装的包'中的第二行):

['/usr/bin/pv_api']
['aiohttp==0.19.0', 'chardet==2.3.0', 'jsonschema==2.5.1', 'pip==7.0.0', 'pluggy==0.3.1', 'pv-api==0.0.0', 'py==1.4.31', 'pycrypto==2.6.1', 'pymongo==3.1.1', 'pyyaml==3.11', 'setuptools==19.6.2', 'six==1.10.0', 'tox==2.3.1', 'virtualenv==14.0.6', 'my-mod==0.1.0', 'webauthsession==1.1.1']
doing tox
doing my_mod
/root/my_module/my_mod/__init__.py

在运行服务时,日志看起来像这样(注意my-mod不包含在'已安装包'的第二行)::

2016-02-26_00:39:01.90403 ['/usr/bin/pv_api']
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90406 ['aiohttp==0.19.0', 'chardet==2.3.0', 'jsonschema==2.5.1', 'pip==7.0.0', 'pluggy==0.3.1', 'pv-api==0.0.0', 'py==1.4.31', 'pycrypto==2.6.1', 'pymongo==3.1.1', 'pyyaml==3.11', 'setuptools==19.6.2', 'six==1.10.0', 'tox==2.3.1', 'virtualenv==14.0.6', 'webauthsession==1.1.1']
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90407 doing tox
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90407 doing my_mod
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90642 Traceback (most recent call last):
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90642   File "/usr/bin/pv_api", line 9, in <module>
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90642     load_entry_point('pv-api==0.0.0', 'console_scripts', 'pv_api')()
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90643   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 547, in load_entry_point
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90643     return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90643   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2719, in load_entry_point
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90643     return ep.load()
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90643   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2379, in load
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90643     return self.resolve()
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90643   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2385, in resolve
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90644     module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90644   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pv/api/main.py", line 33, in <module>
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90644     import my_mod
2016-02-26_00:39:01.90644 ImportError: No module named 'my_mod'

这可能也是有用的信息:

[root@7bb8a6866a85 etc]# ls -la /usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages/my-mod.egg-link 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37 Feb 26 00:20 /usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages/my-mod.egg-link
[root@7bb8a6866a85 etc]# cat /usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages/my-mod.egg-link 
/root/my_module

编辑:

正如您从'installed_pa​​ckages'的输出中看到的那样,通过requirements.txt安装的所有其他软件包都可以正确找到.我作为服务运行时找不到这个我本地源代码的库.(当我从命令行运行或import my_mod从python3解释器运行时,会发现它.

Answer 1

我有一个非常类似的问题,将upstart heartbeat.conf转换为systemd heartbeat.service,除了requests模块.解决方案是在新的.service中指定要运行它的用户:

[Unit]
Description=web server monitor

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/home/user/
User=user
ExecStart=/home/user/heartbeat.py
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

没有User=user,我进入了期刊:

systemd[1]: Started web server monitor.
heartbeat.py[26298]: Traceback (most recent call last):
heartbeat.py[26298]:   File "/home/user/heartbeat.py", line 2, in <
heartbeat.py[26298]:     import requests
heartbeat.py[26298]: ImportError: No module named requests
systemd[1]: heartbeat.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
systemd[1]: heartbeat.service: Unit entered failed state.

Answer 2

将 python site packages 环境变量添加到 systemctl *. 服务档案

[Unit]
Description=web server monitor

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/home/user/
User=user
ExecStart=/home/user/heartbeat.py
Restart=always
Environment="PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/home/nvidia/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Answer 3

如果您确实想以 root 身份运行该服务，则必须使用 sudo: 安装该模块sudo pip install my_module。

Answer 4

首先在 python 提示符下尝试以下操作。

$ python
>>> import my_mod
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named my_mod
>>>

修复1

如果您得到上述类型的输出，则原因可能是由于权限问题。使用以下命令授予站点包权限。

sudo chmod -R go+rX /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

修复2

尝试导出 PYTHONPATH，如下所示：

export PYTHONPATH="/usr/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages"

修复3

检查您是否在同一台计算机上运行多个版本的 python。

如果是这样，请检查代码开头是否包含正确的解释器，例如#!/usr/bin/python