awk 不适用于第一行

Question

祝大家有美好的一天。

请您帮我解决一些文件准备问题：

我有一个文件：

2:1 3:1 4:2 5:1 7:2 34:1 37:3 ...
4:2 6:1 8:1 23:1 25:2 30:1 ...

我想得到：

20002:1 20003:1 20004:2 20005:1 20007:2 20034:1 20037:3 ... 
20004:2 20006:1 20008:1 20023:1 20025:2 20030:1 ...

我试过：

awk '{FS=":"; RS=" "; OFS=":"; ORS=" "}{$1=$1+20000; print $0}' 

但它只能部分工作：它不适用于第一行，给出20002:1:3:1:4:2..，并且不适用于每行的第一个元素，给出4:2 20006:1 20008:1 ...

Answer 1

你可以使用这个（GNU awk 仅适用于 RT）

awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=":";RS="[[:space:]]"}{ORS=RT;$1=$1+20000; print $0}' file

20002:1 20003:1 20004:2 20005:1 20007:2 20034:1 20037:3
20004:2 20006:1 20008:1 20023:1 20025:2 20030:1

解释

BEGIN{
#Only run at start of script
FS=OFS=":"
#Set input and output field separator to :
RS="[[:space:]]"
#Set the record separator to any space character e.g `\n` `\t` or  ` `
}


{ORS=RT
#Set the output record separator to whatever was captured by the input one, i.e keep newline space or tab in the right places
$1+=20000; print
#Do your math and print, note that `+=` is shorthand for adding to the current value, 
#and also that print can be used on it's own as by default it prints $0(you can also use 1 
#at the end of the script as this evaluates to true and the default action if no block
#is defined is to print the current line)
}'