toh*_*ava 2 syntax haskell pattern-matching pattern-synonyms
假设我有以下代码(文本<>是速记,实际上不是代码的一部分):
data A = <something>
defaultA :: A
defaultA = <Really complicated expression of type A>
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现在我想要一个函数模式匹配defaultA,如下所示:
f defaultA = <case 1>
f _ = <case 2>
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但是,defaultA第一行变为新变量,而不是表示参数相等的条件defaultA.我知道实现我想要的最好的方式是:
f x | x == defaultA = <case 1>
f _ = <case 2>
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有谁知道更好的方法?
如果定义defaultA仅包含构造函数调用,则可以使用模式同义词.
{-# LANGUAGE PatternSynonyms #-}
data A = A Int
pattern DefaultA = A 3
isDefaultA DefaultA = putStrLn "it was a default"
isDefaultA _ = putStrLn "it was not a default"
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PatternSynonyms尽管如此,这并不是特别惯用的部署.我可能会坚持使用Haskell 98,使用一个非常略微更详细的保护条款和相等的测试.
data A = A Int deriving Eq
defaultA = A 3
isDefaultA a
| a == defaultA = putStrLn "it was a default"
| otherwise = putStrLn "it was not a default"
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模式同义词确实有用的地方是当你使用像免费monad或数据类型单点模式进行数据类型泛型编程时,包含强加给你的嘈杂库构造函数调用.
{-# LANGUAGE PatternSynonyms #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeOperators #-}
-- fixed point of functor
newtype Expr f = In (f (Expr f))
-- functor coproduct
data (f :+: g) a = Inl (f a) | Inr (g a)
-- now plug in custom code
data Add r = Add_ r r
data Val r = Val_ Int
type HuttonsRazor = Expr (Add :+: Val)
pattern Add x y = In (Inl (Add_ x y))
pattern Val x = In (Inr (Val_ x))
eval :: HuttonsRazor -> Int
eval (Add x y) = eval x + eval y
eval (Val x) = x
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