从Python setuptools创建可启动的GUI脚本(没有控制台窗口!)

Question

我目前为基于Python的GUI添加可执行文件的方式是:

setup(
      # ...
      entry_points = {"gui_scripts" : ['frontend = myfrontendmodule.launcher:main']},
      # ...
      )

在Windows上,这将在Python的脚本文件夹(使用Python 2.6)中创建"frontend.exe"和"frontend-script.pyw".当我执行EXE文件时,会显示一个控制台窗口,但PYW文件无法正常显示.

所以我的问题是:如何在没有控制台窗口的情况下让EXE文件执行程序？该解决方案也适用于Linux(不建议使用py2exe;).

Answer 1

好吧,我在setuptools源代码中进行了一些调查,这一切都归结为setuptools中的一个错误(easy_install.py):

# On Windows/wininst, add a .py extension and an .exe launcher
if group=='gui_scripts':
    ext, launcher = '-script.pyw', 'gui.exe'
    old = ['.pyw']
    new_header = re.sub('(?i)python.exe','pythonw.exe',header)
else:
    ext, launcher = '-script.py', 'cli.exe'
    old = ['.py','.pyc','.pyo']
    new_header = re.sub('(?i)pythonw.exe','python.exe',header)

if os.path.exists(new_header[2:-1]) or sys.platform!='win32':
    hdr = new_header
else:
    hdr = header

最后一个if语句决定pythonw.exe或python.exe的路径是否写入"frontend-script.pyw"的shebang.由于这个shebang是由创建的EXE文件评估的,因此必须else不执行该语句.问题是new_header[2:-1]在我的情况下是"C:\ Program Files(x86)\ Python26\pythonw.exe"(带引号!),所以os.path.exists说因为引号而不存在.

我将尝试通过setuptools开发人员更正此问题.剩下的问题将是绝对的pythonw.exe路径.如果我创建Windows安装程序/ MSI安装程序,shebang将包含我的pythonw.exe路径("C:\ Program Files(x86)\ Python26\pythonw.exe")但用户可能已在"C:\ Python26"中安装了Python ".在我报告此问题后,我将报告最终解决方案.

两年前我发布了这个,对不起,我还没有提供我的解决方案.不确定是否有更现代的解决方案(可能分发提供的东西),但这是我当时使用的(复制粘贴):

文件 dogsync-frontend-script.pyw

#!pythonw.exe

# This script will be executed by the primary Python version that is installed, which might as well be Python 3. But
# we want to execute it with the Python version that belongs to this script's path. So let's do a major hack:

import os
import sys
import subprocess

if sys.argv[-1] == "magic":
    from dogsync_frontend.launcher import main
    main()
else:
    # The CPython folder hierarchy is assumed here (<installation>\pythonw.exe, <installation>\Scripts\<thisscript>)
    subprocess.Popen([os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "pythonw.exe")),
                      __file__,
                      "magic"])

文件 dogsync-frontend.exe

自动复制<python installation>\lib\site-packages\setuptools\gui.exe(见下文).<name of EXE>-script.py[w]如果我没记错的话,这个文件会自动执行脚本.

文件 setup.py

from setuptools import __file__ as setupToolsFilename

if os.name == "nt":
    # Use a customized (major hack) start script instead of the one that gets automatically created by setuptools
    # when the "gui_scripts" parameter is used. This way, we don't need setuptools installed in order to run DogSync.
    shutil.copy2(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(setupToolsFilename), "gui.exe"),
                 "build-environment/windows-scripts/dogsync-frontend.exe")
    startScripts = dict(scripts = ["build-environment/windows-scripts/dogsync-frontend-script.pyw",
                                   "build-environment/windows-scripts/dogsync-frontend.exe"])
else:
    # For Linux, I don't have a solution to remove the runtime dependency on setuptools (yet)
    startScripts = dict(entry_points = {"gui_scripts" : ['dogsync-frontend = dogsync_frontend.launcher:main']})

setup(<other options>,
      **startScripts)

使用此设置,exe/pyw文件将被复制到<python installation>\Scripts(在Windows上),并且启动时dogsync-frontend.exe将运行pyw脚本而不使用控制台.由于setuptools多年来没有得到任何更新,因此该解决方案仍然有效.