M. *_* E. 53 c++ templates function-pointers function-object c++11
在Bjarne Stroustrup的主页(C++ 11 FAQ)中:
struct X { int foo(int); };
std::function<int(X*, int)> f;
f = &X::foo; //pointer to member
X x;
int v = f(&x, 5); //call X::foo() for x with 5
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它是如何工作的?std :: function如何调用foo成员函数?
模板参数int(X*, int),是&X::foo从转换成员函数指针到一个非成员函数指针?!
(int(*)(X*, int))&X::foo //casting (int(X::*)(int) to (int(*)(X*, int))
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澄清:我知道我们不需要使用任何指针来使用std :: function,但我不知道std :: function的内部如何处理成员函数指针和非成员函数之间的这种不兼容性指针.我不知道标准如何允许我们实现像std :: function这样的东西!
M. *_* E. 34
在从其他答案和评论中获得帮助,并阅读GCC源代码和C++ 11标准之后,我发现可以通过使用部分模板特化和 函数重载来解析函数类型(其返回类型及其参数类型).
以下是一个简单(且不完整)的示例,用于实现以下内容std::function:
template<class T> class Function { };
// Parse the function type
template<class Res, class Obj, class... ArgTypes>
class Function<Res (Obj*, ArgTypes...)> {
union Pointers {
Res (*func)(Obj*, ArgTypes...);
Res (Obj::*mem_func)(ArgTypes...);
};
typedef Res Callback(Pointers&, Obj&, ArgTypes...);
Pointers ptrs;
Callback* callback;
static Res call_func(Pointers& ptrs, Obj& obj, ArgTypes... args) {
return (*ptrs.func)(&obj, args...);
}
static Res call_mem_func(Pointers& ptrs, Obj& obj, ArgTypes... args) {
return (obj.*(ptrs.mem_func))(args...);
}
public:
Function() : callback(0) { }
// Parse the function type
Function(Res (*func)(Obj*, ArgTypes...)) {
ptrs.func = func;
callback = &call_func;
}
// Parse the function type
Function(Res (Obj::*mem_func)(ArgTypes...)) {
ptrs.mem_func = mem_func;
callback = &call_mem_func;
}
Function(const Function& function) {
ptrs = function.ptrs;
callback = function.callback;
}
Function& operator=(const Function& function) {
ptrs = function.ptrs;
callback = function.callback;
return *this;
}
Res operator()(Obj& obj, ArgTypes... args) {
if(callback == 0) throw 0; // throw an exception
return (*callback)(ptrs, obj, args...);
}
};
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用法:
#include <iostream>
struct Funny {
void print(int i) {
std::cout << "void (Funny::*)(int): " << i << std::endl;
}
};
void print(Funny* funny, int i) {
std::cout << "void (*)(Funny*, int): " << i << std::endl;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
Funny funny;
Function<void(Funny*, int)> wmw;
wmw = &Funny::print; // void (Funny::*)(int)
wmw(funny, 10); // void (Funny::*)(int)
wmw = &print; // void (*)(Funny*, int)
wmw(funny, 8); // void (*)(Funny*, int)
return 0;
}
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