如何在Mac OS X上安装加密？

Question

我的操作系统：Mac OS X El Capitan

当我这样安装密码时：

pip install cryptography==0.2.1

错误是：

Collecting cryptography==0.2.1
  Using cached cryptography-0.2.1.tar.gz
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    no previously-included directories found matching 'documentation/_build'
    zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
    six: module references __path__

    Installed /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/six-1.10.0-py2.7.egg
    Searching for cffi>=0.8
    Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/cffi/
    Best match: cffi 1.5.0
    Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/c/cffi/cffi-1.5.0.tar.gz#md5=dec8441e67880494ee881305059af656
    Processing cffi-1.5.0.tar.gz
    Writing /var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/easy_install-ZAtQYR/cffi-1.5.0/setup.cfg
    Running cffi-1.5.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/easy_install-ZAtQYR/cffi-1.5.0/egg-dist-tmp-Dl08xt
    creating /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg
    Extracting cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg to /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs

    Installed /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg
    Searching for pycparser
    Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/pycparser/
    Best match: pycparser 2.14
    Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pycparser/pycparser-2.14.tar.gz#md5=a2bc8d28c923b4fe2b2c3b4b51a4f935
    Processing pycparser-2.14.tar.gz
    Writing /var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/easy_install-80l9Lo/pycparser-2.14/setup.cfg
    Running pycparser-2.14/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/easy_install-80l9Lo/pycparser-2.14/egg-dist-tmp-5dC3Ib
    warning: no previously-included files matching 'yacctab.*' found under directory 'tests'
    warning: no previously-included files matching 'lextab.*' found under directory 'tests'
    warning: no previously-included files matching 'yacctab.*' found under directory 'examples'
    warning: no previously-included files matching 'lextab.*' found under directory 'examples'
    zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
    Copying pycparser-2.14-py2.7.egg to /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs

    Installed /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/pycparser-2.14-py2.7.egg
    running egg_info
    creating pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info
    writing requirements to pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/requires.txt
    writing pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing top-level names to pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/top_level.txt
    writing dependency_links to pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    writing manifest file 'pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found

    cryptography/hazmat/bindings/__pycache__/_cffi__xfdb41ad9xb4fc9075.c:369:5: error: conflicting types for 'ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check'
    int ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check(ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *);
        ^
    /usr/local/include/openssl/asn1.h:856:5: note: previous declaration is here
    int ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_check(const ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME *a);
        ^
    1 error generated.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/setup.py", line 113, in <module>
        "build": cffi_build,
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 151, in setup
        dist.run_commands()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
        self.run_command(cmd)
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 180, in run
        self.find_sources()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 207, in find_sources
        mm.run()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 291, in run
        self.add_defaults()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 320, in add_defaults
        sdist.add_defaults(self)
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/sdist.py", line 118, in add_defaults
        build_py = self.get_finalized_command('build_py')
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 312, in get_finalized_command
        cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 109, in ensure_finalized
        self.finalize_options()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/build_py.py", line 28, in finalize_options
        orig.build_py.finalize_options(self)
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/build_py.py", line 46, in finalize_options
        ('force', 'force'))
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 298, in set_undefined_options
        src_cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
      File "/Users/username/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 109, in ensure_finalized
        self.finalize_options()
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/setup.py", line 55, in finalize_options
        OpenSSLBinding().ffi.verifier.get_extension(),
      File "cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py", line 83, in __init__
        self._ensure_ffi_initialized()
      File "cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py", line 99, in _ensure_ffi_initialized
        libraries)
      File "cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py", line 72, in build_ffi
        ext_package="cryptography",
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg/cffi/api.py", line 433, in verify
        lib = self.verifier.load_library()
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg/cffi/verifier.py", line 110, in load_library
        self._compile_module()
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg/cffi/verifier.py", line 207, in _compile_module
        outputfilename = ffiplatform.compile(tmpdir, self.get_extension())
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg/cffi/ffiplatform.py", line 29, in compile
        outputfilename = _build(tmpdir, ext, compiler_verbose)
      File "/private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography/.eggs/cffi-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.11-x86_64.egg/cffi/ffiplatform.py", line 62, in _build
        raise VerificationError('%s: %s' % (e.__class__.__name__, e))
    cffi.ffiplatform.VerificationError: CompileError: command 'clang' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/48/lrr_y58s4rq70qdnjcvqc8l8j2g31b/T/pip-build-zGO9s0/cryptography

我确定我已将升级openssl到最新版本：

$ openssl version
OpenSSL 1.0.2f  28 Jan 2016

但是我不知道如何解决。甚至我也查看了官方文档：

https://cryptography.io/zh-CN/latest/installation/#building-cryptography-on-os-x

并按照此操作，结果是相同的。

Answer 1

尝试安装scrapy我需要在Mac OS El Capitan 上安装加密包。如密码学安装文档中所述

env LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib" CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include" pip 安装加密

Answer 2

brew 进行救援：

brew install openssl

然后brew给出提示：

苹果已经弃用OpenSSL，而是使用自己的TLS和加密库

通常，这对您没有任何后果。如果您构建自己的软件并且需要此公式，则需要将其添加到构建变量中：

LDFLAGS:  -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib
CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig

因此，只需导出这些env var并重新运行您喜欢的pip安装（或者最好避免以后遭受破坏，在您的产品中添加以下内容~/.bash_profile：

export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig"

这对我来说就像一个魅力！