从不同程序集中的类名解析类型

Question

我有一个方法,我需要解决类的类型.此类存在于另一个程序集中,该命名空间类似于:

MyProject.Domain.Model

我试图执行以下操作:

Type.GetType("MyProject.Domain.Model." + myClassName);

如果执行此操作的代码与我尝试解析其类型的类在同一程序集中,则此方法很有用,但是,如果我的类位于不同的程序集中,则此代码将失败.

我确信有一个更好的方法来完成这个任务,但是我没有很多经验来解析程序集和遍历名称空间来解决我正在寻找的类的类型.有关更优雅地完成此任务的任何建议或提示吗？

Answer 1

你必须像这样添加程序集名称:

Type.GetType("MyProject.Domain.Model." + myClassName + ", AssemblyName");

为避免歧义或程序集位于GAC中,您应提供完全限定的程序集名称,如:

Type.GetType("System.String, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089");

Answer 2

这个通用解决方案适用于需要从动态外部引用加载泛型类型的人AssemblyQualifiedName，但不知道泛型类型的所有部分来自哪个程序集：

    public static Type ReconstructType(string assemblyQualifiedName, bool throwOnError = true, params Assembly[] referencedAssemblies)
    {
        foreach (Assembly asm in referencedAssemblies)
        {
            var fullNameWithoutAssemblyName = assemblyQualifiedName.Replace($", {asm.FullName}", "");
            var type = asm.GetType(fullNameWithoutAssemblyName, throwOnError: false);
            if (type != null) return type;
        }

        if (assemblyQualifiedName.Contains("[["))
        {
            Type type = ConstructGenericType(assemblyQualifiedName, throwOnError);
            if (type != null)
                return type;
        }
        else
        {
            Type type = Type.GetType(assemblyQualifiedName, false);
            if (type != null)
                return type;
        }

        if (throwOnError)
            throw new Exception($"The type \"{assemblyQualifiedName}\" cannot be found in referenced assemblies.");
        else
            return null;
    }

    private static Type ConstructGenericType(string assemblyQualifiedName, bool throwOnError = true)
    {
        Regex regex = new Regex(@"^(?<name>\w+(\.\w+)*)`(?<count>\d)\[(?<subtypes>\[.*\])\](, (?<assembly>\w+(\.\w+)*)[\w\s,=\.]+)$?", RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture);
        Match match = regex.Match(assemblyQualifiedName);
        if (!match.Success)
            if (!throwOnError) return null;
            else throw new Exception($"Unable to parse the type's assembly qualified name: {assemblyQualifiedName}");

        string typeName = match.Groups["name"].Value;
        int n = int.Parse(match.Groups["count"].Value);
        string asmName = match.Groups["assembly"].Value;
        string subtypes = match.Groups["subtypes"].Value;

        typeName = typeName + $"`{n}";
        Type genericType = ReconstructType(typeName, throwOnError);
        if (genericType == null) return null;

        List<string> typeNames = new List<string>();
        int ofs = 0;
        while (ofs < subtypes.Length && subtypes[ofs] == '[')
        {
            int end = ofs, level = 0;
            do
            {
                switch (subtypes[end++])
                {
                    case '[': level++; break;
                    case ']': level--; break;
                }
            } while (level > 0 && end < subtypes.Length);

            if (level == 0)
            {
                typeNames.Add(subtypes.Substring(ofs + 1, end - ofs - 2));
                if (end < subtypes.Length && subtypes[end] == ',')
                    end++;
            }

            ofs = end;
            n--;  // just for checking the count
        }

        if (n != 0)
            // This shouldn't ever happen!
            throw new Exception("Generic type argument count mismatch! Type name: " + assemblyQualifiedName);  

        Type[] types = new Type[typeNames.Count];
        for (int i = 0; i < types.Length; i++)
        {
            try
            {
                types[i] = ReconstructType(typeNames[i], throwOnError);
                if (types[i] == null)  // if throwOnError, should not reach this point if couldn't create the type
                    return null;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw new Exception($"Unable to reconstruct generic type. Failed on creating the type argument {(i + 1)}: {typeNames[i]}. Error message: {ex.Message}");
            }
        }

        Type resultType = genericType.MakeGenericType(types);
        return resultType;
    }

而且你可以用这个代码测试（控制台应用程序）：

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Type t1 = typeof(Task<Dictionary<int, Dictionary<string, int?>>>);
        string name = t1.AssemblyQualifiedName;
        Console.WriteLine("Type: " + name);
        // Result: System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1[[System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.Int32, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[System.Nullable`1[[System.Int32, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]], mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]], mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]], mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]], mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089
        Type t2 = ReconstructType(name);
        bool ok = t1 == t2;
        Console.WriteLine("\r\nLocal type test OK: " + ok);

        Assembly asmRef = Assembly.ReflectionOnlyLoad("System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089");
        // Task<DialogResult> in refTypeTest below:
        string refTypeTest = "System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1[[System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]], mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089";
        Type t3 = ReconstructType(refTypeTest, true, asmRef);
        Console.WriteLine("External type test OK: " + (t3.AssemblyQualifiedName == refTypeTest));

        // Getting an external non-generic type directly from references:
        Type t4 = ReconstructType("System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089", true, asmRef);

        Console.ReadLine();
    }

我正在分享我的解决方案以帮助与我有相同问题的人（从可以在外部引用的程序集中部分或整体定义的字符串中反序列化任何类型 - 并且引用由应用程序的用户动态添加）。

希望它可以帮助任何人！