模型表单的自定义错误消息

Question

我可以看到在使用表单时如何向字段添加错误消息,但是模型表单呢？

这是我的测试模型

class Author(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=125)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=125)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

我的模特形式

class AuthorForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Author

字段:first_name和last_name上的错误消息是"此字段是必需的".如何在模型表单中更改它？

Answer 1

Django 1.6中的新功能:

ModelForm接受几个新的Meta选项.

• localized_fields列表中包含的字段将被本地化(通过在表单字段上设置localize).
• 标签,help_texts和error_messages选项可用于自定义默认字段,请参阅覆盖默认字段以获取详细信息.

由此:

class AuthorForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Author
        fields = ('name', 'title', 'birth_date')
        labels = {
            'name': _('Writer'),
        }
        help_texts = {
            'name': _('Some useful help text.'),
        }
        error_messages = {
            'name': {
                'max_length': _("This writer's name is too long."),
            },
        }

相关:Django的ModelForm - 元选项列表在哪里？

Answer 2

对于简单的情况,您可以指定自定义错误消息

class AuthorForm(forms.ModelForm):
    first_name = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required': 'Please let us know what to call you!'})
    class Meta:
        model = Author

Answer 3

另一种简单的方法是在init中覆盖它.

class AuthorForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Author

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(AuthorForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # add custom error messages
        self.fields['name'].error_messages = {'required': 'Please let us know what to call you!'}

Answer 4

我也多次想过这个问题.这就是为什么我最终为ModelForm类编写了一个小扩展,它允许我通过Meta类设置任意字段属性 - 包括错误消息.代码和解释可以在这里找到:http://blog.brendel.com/2012/01/django-modelforms-setting-any-field.html

你将能够做到这样的事情:

class AuthorForm(ExtendedMetaModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Author
        field_args = {
            "first_name" : {
                "error_messages" : {
                    "required" : "Please let us know what to call you!"
                }
            }
        }

我认为这就是你要找的,对吧？

Answer 5

最简单的方法是覆盖clean方法:

class AuthorForm(forms.ModelForm):
   class Meta:
      model = Author
   def clean(self):
      if self.cleaned_data.get('name')=="":
         raise forms.ValidationError('No name!')
      return self.cleaned_data

Answer 6

基于jamesmfriedman的回答,我有一个更清洁的解决方案.这个解决方案更加干燥,特别是如果你有很多领域.

custom_errors = {
    'required': 'Your custom error message'
}

class AuthorForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Author

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(AuthorForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        for field in self.fields:
            self.fields[field].error_messages = custom_errors