在按复合类名称搜索时,BeautifulSoup返回空列表

iva*_*lan 5 python regex beautifulsoup html-parsing python-2.7

使用正则表达式按复合类名称搜索时,BeautifulSoup返回空列表.

例:

import re
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

bs = 
    """
    <a class="name-single name692" href="www.example.com"">Example Text</a>
    """

bsObj = BeautifulSoup(bs)

# this returns the class
found_elements = bsObj.find_all("a", class_= re.compile("^(name-single.*)$"))

# this returns an empty list
found_elements = bsObj.find_all("a", class_= re.compile("^(name-single name\d*)$"))
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我需要课程选择非常精确.有任何想法吗?

ale*_*cxe 4

不幸的是,当您尝试对包含多个类的类属性值进行正则表达式匹配时,BeautifulSoup会将正则表达式分别应用于每个类。以下是有关该问题的相关主题:

这都是因为class是一个非常特殊的多值属性,每次解析 HTML 时,其中一个 的BeautifulSoup树构建器(取决于解析器的选择)会在内部将类字符串值拆分为类列表(引用自HTMLTreeBuilder的文档字符串):

# The HTML standard defines these attributes as containing a
# space-separated list of values, not a single value. That is,
# class="foo bar" means that the 'class' attribute has two values,
# 'foo' and 'bar', not the single value 'foo bar'.  When we
# encounter one of these attributes, we will parse its value into
# a list of values if possible. Upon output, the list will be
# converted back into a string.
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有多种解决方法,但这是一种黑客式的解决方法 - 我们将通过创建简单的自定义树构建器来要求BeautifulSoup不要将class其作为多值属性进行处理:

import re

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from bs4.builder._htmlparser import HTMLParserTreeBuilder


class MyBuilder(HTMLParserTreeBuilder):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MyBuilder, self).__init__()

        # BeautifulSoup, please don't treat "class" specially
        self.cdata_list_attributes["*"].remove("class")


bs = """<a class="name-single name692" href="www.example.com"">Example Text</a>"""
bsObj = BeautifulSoup(bs, "html.parser", builder=MyBuilder())
found_elements = bsObj.find_all("a", class_=re.compile(r"^name\-single name\d+$"))

print(found_elements)
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在这种情况下,正则表达式将应用于class整个属性值。


或者,您可以在启用功能的情况下解析 HTML xml(如果适用):

soup = BeautifulSoup(data, "xml")
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您还可以使用CSS 选择器并将所有元素与name-single类以及以“name”开头的类匹配:

soup.select("a.name-single,a[class^=name]")
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然后,您可以根据需要手动应用正则表达式:

pattern = re.compile(r"^name-single name\d+$")
for elm in bsObj.select("a.name-single,a[class^=name]"):
    match = pattern.match(" ".join(elm["class"]))
    if match:
        print(elm)
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