pro*_*eek 158 python string replace
我需要更换一些字符如下:&- > \&,#- > \#,...
我编码如下,但我想应该有更好的方法.任何提示?
strs = strs.replace('&', '\&')
strs = strs.replace('#', '\#')
...
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Hug*_*ugo 352
我计算了当前答案中的所有方法以及一个额外的方法.
使用输入字符串abc&def#ghi并替换& - > \&和# - >#,最快的方法是将替换组合在一起,如:text.replace('&', '\&').replace('#', '\#').
每项功能的时间:
以下是功能:
def a(text):
chars = "&#"
for c in chars:
text = text.replace(c, "\\" + c)
def b(text):
for ch in ['&','#']:
if ch in text:
text = text.replace(ch,"\\"+ch)
import re
def c(text):
rx = re.compile('([&#])')
text = rx.sub(r'\\\1', text)
RX = re.compile('([&#])')
def d(text):
text = RX.sub(r'\\\1', text)
def mk_esc(esc_chars):
return lambda s: ''.join(['\\' + c if c in esc_chars else c for c in s])
esc = mk_esc('&#')
def e(text):
esc(text)
def f(text):
text = text.replace('&', '\&').replace('#', '\#')
def g(text):
replacements = {"&": "\&", "#": "\#"}
text = "".join([replacements.get(c, c) for c in text])
def h(text):
text = text.replace('&', r'\&')
text = text.replace('#', r'\#')
def i(text):
text = text.replace('&', r'\&').replace('#', r'\#')
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时间如下:
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.a('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.b('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.c('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.d('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.e('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.f('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.g('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.h('abc&def#ghi')"
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.i('abc&def#ghi')"
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这里有类似的代码来做同样的事情,但有更多的字符要逃避(\`*_ {}>#+ - .!$):
def a(text):
chars = "\\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$"
for c in chars:
text = text.replace(c, "\\" + c)
def b(text):
for ch in ['\\','`','*','_','{','}','[',']','(',')','>','#','+','-','.','!','$','\'']:
if ch in text:
text = text.replace(ch,"\\"+ch)
import re
def c(text):
rx = re.compile('([&#])')
text = rx.sub(r'\\\1', text)
RX = re.compile('([\\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$])')
def d(text):
text = RX.sub(r'\\\1', text)
def mk_esc(esc_chars):
return lambda s: ''.join(['\\' + c if c in esc_chars else c for c in s])
esc = mk_esc('\\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$')
def e(text):
esc(text)
def f(text):
text = text.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('`', '\`').replace('*', '\*').replace('_', '\_').replace('{', '\{').replace('}', '\}').replace('[', '\[').replace(']', '\]').replace('(', '\(').replace(')', '\)').replace('>', '\>').replace('#', '\#').replace('+', '\+').replace('-', '\-').replace('.', '\.').replace('!', '\!').replace('$', '\$')
def g(text):
replacements = {
"\\": "\\\\",
"`": "\`",
"*": "\*",
"_": "\_",
"{": "\{",
"}": "\}",
"[": "\[",
"]": "\]",
"(": "\(",
")": "\)",
">": "\>",
"#": "\#",
"+": "\+",
"-": "\-",
".": "\.",
"!": "\!",
"$": "\$",
}
text = "".join([replacements.get(c, c) for c in text])
def h(text):
text = text.replace('\\', r'\\')
text = text.replace('`', r'\`')
text = text.replace('*', r'\*')
text = text.replace('_', r'\_')
text = text.replace('{', r'\{')
text = text.replace('}', r'\}')
text = text.replace('[', r'\[')
text = text.replace(']', r'\]')
text = text.replace('(', r'\(')
text = text.replace(')', r'\)')
text = text.replace('>', r'\>')
text = text.replace('#', r'\#')
text = text.replace('+', r'\+')
text = text.replace('-', r'\-')
text = text.replace('.', r'\.')
text = text.replace('!', r'\!')
text = text.replace('$', r'\$')
def i(text):
text = text.replace('\\', r'\\').replace('`', r'\`').replace('*', r'\*').replace('_', r'\_').replace('{', r'\{').replace('}', r'\}').replace('[', r'\[').replace(']', r'\]').replace('(', r'\(').replace(')', r'\)').replace('>', r'\>').replace('#', r'\#').replace('+', r'\+').replace('-', r'\-').replace('.', r'\.').replace('!', r'\!').replace('$', r'\$')
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这是相同输入字符串的结果abc&def#ghi:
并使用更长的输入字符串(## *Something* and [another] thing in a longer sentence with {more} things to replace$):
添加几个变种:
def ab(text):
for ch in ['\\','`','*','_','{','}','[',']','(',')','>','#','+','-','.','!','$','\'']:
text = text.replace(ch,"\\"+ch)
def ba(text):
chars = "\\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$"
for c in chars:
if c in text:
text = text.replace(c, "\\" + c)
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输入时间较短:
输入时间越长:
所以我将ba用于可读性和速度.
在评论中被haccks提示,ab和之间的区别ba是if c in text:支票.让我们针对另外两个变体测试它们:
def ab_with_check(text):
for ch in ['\\','`','*','_','{','}','[',']','(',')','>','#','+','-','.','!','$','\'']:
if ch in text:
text = text.replace(ch,"\\"+ch)
def ba_without_check(text):
chars = "\\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$"
for c in chars:
text = text.replace(c, "\\" + c)
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Python 2.7.14和3.6.3上的每个循环的时间以μs为单位,并且与之前设置的机器不同,因此无法直接进行比较.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Py, input ? ab ? ab_with_check ? ba ? ba_without_check ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Py2, short ? 8.81 ? 4.22 ? 3.45 ? 8.01 ?
? Py3, short ? 5.54 ? 1.34 ? 1.46 ? 5.34 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Py2, long ? 9.3 ? 7.15 ? 6.85 ? 8.55 ?
? Py3, long ? 7.43 ? 4.38 ? 4.41 ? 7.02 ?
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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我们可以得出结论:
支票的人比没有支票的人快4倍
ab_with_check在Python 3上稍微领先,但是ba(带有check)在Python 2上有更大的领先优势
然而,这里最大的教训是Python 3比Python 2快3倍!Python 3上最慢的和Python 2上的最快之间没有太大的区别!
gho*_*g74 72
>>> string="abc&def#ghi"
>>> for ch in ['&','#']:
... if ch in string:
... string=string.replace(ch,"\\"+ch)
...
>>> print string
abc\&def\#ghi
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the*_*eye 30
只需链接这样的replace功能
strs = "abc&def#ghi"
print strs.replace('&', '\&').replace('#', '\#')
# abc\&def\#ghi
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如果替换的数量更多,您可以通过这种方式执行此操作
strs, replacements = "abc&def#ghi", {"&": "\&", "#": "\#"}
print "".join([replacements.get(c, c) for c in strs])
# abc\&def\#ghi
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tom*_*sen 20
这是一个使用str.translate和的python3方法str.maketrans:
s = "abc&def#ghi"
print(s.translate(str.maketrans({'&': '\&', '#': '\#'})))
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打印的字符串是abc\&def\#ghi.
ken*_*ytm 15
你总是会在前面加上反斜杠吗?如果是这样,试试吧
import re
rx = re.compile('([&#])')
# ^^ fill in the characters here.
strs = rx.sub('\\\\\\1', strs)
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它可能不是最有效的方法,但我认为这是最简单的方法.
krm*_*krm 10
对于Python 3.8及以上版本,可以使用赋值表达式
[text := text.replace(s, f"\\{s}") for s in "&#" if s in text];
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虽然,我很不确定这是否被认为是PEP 572中描述的赋值表达式的“适当使用” ,但看起来很干净并且读起来很好(在我看来)。如果您在 REPL 中运行此命令,则末尾的分号会抑制输出。
如果您还想要所有中间字符串,这将是“合适的”。例如,(删除所有小写元音):
text = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet"
intermediates = [text := text.replace(i, "") for i in "aeiou" if i in text]
['Lorem ipsum dolor sit met',
'Lorm ipsum dolor sit mt',
'Lorm psum dolor st mt',
'Lrm psum dlr st mt',
'Lrm psm dlr st mt']
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从好的方面来说,它似乎(出乎意料地?)比接受的答案中的一些更快的方法更快,并且似乎随着字符串长度的增加和替换数量的增加而表现良好。
上述比较的代码如下。我使用随机字符串来让我的生活变得更简单,并且要替换的字符是从字符串本身中随机选择的。(注意:我在这里使用 ipython 的 %timeit 魔法,所以在 ipython/jupyter 中运行它)。
import random, string
def make_txt(length):
"makes a random string of a given length"
return "".join(random.choices(string.printable, k=length))
def get_substring(s, num):
"gets a substring"
return "".join(random.choices(s, k=num))
def a(text, replace): # one of the better performing approaches from the accepted answer
for i in replace:
if i in text:
text = text.replace(i, "")
def b(text, replace):
_ = (text := text.replace(i, "") for i in replace if i in text)
def compare(strlen, replace_length):
"use ipython / jupyter for the %timeit functionality"
times_a, times_b = [], []
for i in range(*strlen):
el = make_txt(i)
et = get_substring(el, replace_length)
res_a = %timeit -n 1000 -o a(el, et) # ipython magic
el = make_txt(i)
et = get_substring(el, replace_length)
res_b = %timeit -n 1000 -o b(el, et) # ipython magic
times_a.append(res_a.average * 1e6)
times_b.append(res_b.average * 1e6)
return times_a, times_b
#----run
t2 = compare((2*2, 1000, 50), 2)
t10 = compare((2*10, 1000, 50), 10)
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您可以考虑编写一个通用转义函数:
def mk_esc(esc_chars):
return lambda s: ''.join(['\\' + c if c in esc_chars else c for c in s])
>>> esc = mk_esc('&#')
>>> print esc('Learn & be #1')
Learn \& be \#1
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这样,您可以使用应该转义的字符列表配置您的功能.
晚会晚了,但是我在这个问题上浪费了很多时间,直到找到答案。
简短而甜美,translate优于replace。如果您对随时间推移进行的功能优化更感兴趣,请不要使用replace。
还可以使用translate,如果你不知道,如果重叠设置的用于替换的字符将被替换的字符集。
例子:
使用replace您会天真地希望代码片段"1234".replace("1", "2").replace("2", "3").replace("3", "4")返回"2344",但是实际上它会返回"4444"。
翻译似乎可以执行OP最初想要的功能。