Sup*_*ali 6 python user-interface tkinter smtplib python-3.x
我一直在搜索很多,但我仍然不知道如何从python中的不同类中访问变量.在这种情况下,我想self.v从PageOne类到PageTwo类访问变量.
这是我的代码.
import tkinter as tk
import smtplib
TITLE_FONT = ("Helvetica", 18, "bold")
class SampleApp(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
tk.Tk.__init__(self)
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.frames = {}
for F in (StartPage, PageOne, PageTwo):
frame = F(container, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.show_frame(StartPage)
def show_frame(self, c):
frame = self.frames[c]
frame.tkraise()
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = tk.Label(self, text="PyMail",foreground = "Red", font=("Courier", 30, "bold"))
label.pack(side="top")
sublabel = tk.Label(self, text="Bringing you the\n the easiest way of communication",
font=("Courier", 15))
sublabel.pack()
wallpaper = tk.PhotoImage(file='Python-logo-notext.gif')
img = tk.Label(self, image=wallpaper)
img.image = wallpaper
img.pack(side="top", expand = True)
button1 = tk.Button(self, text="Click Here to Login to your account",fg="red",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(PageOne))
button2 = tk.Button(self, text="Go to Page Two",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(PageTwo))
button2.pack(side="bottom")
button1.pack(side="bottom")
class PageOne(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.controller=controller
label = tk.Label(self, text="Personal Information", font=TITLE_FONT, foreground="blue")
label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)
global optionv
self.optionv = tk.StringVar()
self.optionv.set("---Select One---")
optionm = tk.OptionMenu(self, self.optionv, "---Select One---", "@gmail.com", "@yahoo.com", "@hotmail.com")
t1 = tk.Label(self, text="Email Account: ")
self.v = tk.StringVar()
self.v.set("")
entry1 = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.v)
t2 = tk.Label(self,text="\nPassword: ")
self.pwd = tk.StringVar()
self.pwd.set("")
entry2 = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.pwd)
entry2.config(show="*")
lgbutton=tk.Button(self, text="Log In", command=self.login)
button = tk.Button(self, text="Go to the start page",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(StartPage))
#final = tk.Label(self, textvariable=self.v)
#finalpwd = tk.Label(self, textvariable=self.pwd)
t1.pack()
entry1.pack()
optionm.pack()
t2.pack()
entry2.pack()
#final.pack()
#finalpwd.pack()
lgbutton.pack()
button.pack(side="bottom")
def login(self):
value = tk.Label(self, text="Invalid username / password", font=("Courier", 15, "bold"), foreground="red")
success = tk.Label(self, text="Login was Successful \n (Click ""Continue"" to compose email)", font=("Courier", 15, "bold"), foreground="blue")
cbutton = tk.Button(self, text="Continue", command=lambda: self.controller.show_frame(PageTwo))
status = tk.Label(self, text="Please select your email domain", foreground="red")
if self.optionv.get() == "@gmail.com":
try:
global server
server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
server.login(self.v.get()+self.optionv.get(), self.pwd.get())
success.pack()
cbutton.pack(side="bottom")
except:
value.pack()
elif self.optionv.get() == "@yahoo.com":
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.yahoo.com", 587)
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
server.login(self.v.get()+self.optionv.get(), self.pwd.get())
success.pack()
cbutton.pack(side="bottom")
except:
value.pack()
elif self.optionv.get() == "@hotmail.com":
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.live.com", 587)
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
server.login(self.v.get()+self.optionv.get(), self.pwd.get())
success.pack()
cbutton.pack(side="bottom")
except:
value.pack()
else:
status.pack()
class PageTwo(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = tk.Label(self, text="Compose Mail", font=TITLE_FONT, foreground="green")
label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)
self.reciever = tk.StringVar()
self.reciever.set("")
senderl = tk.Label(self, text="Send to: ")
rmail = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.reciever)
self.senderoption = tk.StringVar()
self.senderoption.set("---Select One---")
senderdomain = tk.OptionMenu(self, self.senderoption, "---Select One---", "@gmail.com", "@hotmail.com", "@yahoo.com")
self.mail = tk.StringVar()
self.mail.set("")
self.textw = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.mail)
button = tk.Button(self, text="Go to the start page",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(StartPage))
sendbutton = tk.Button(self, text = "Send Mail", command=self.sendmail)
senderl.pack(side="top", anchor="w")
rmail.pack(side="top", anchor="nw")
senderdomain.pack(side="top", anchor="nw")
self.textw.pack(fill="both")
button.pack(side="bottom")
sendbutton.pack(side="bottom")
def sendmail(self):
sent = tk.Label(self, text="Email has been sent")
if self.senderoption.get() == "@gmail.com":
try:
server.sendmail(self.v.get()+self.optionv.get(), self.reciever.get()+self.senderoption.get(), "YES")
print("Success")
sent.pack()
except:
print("Unsuccesful")
print(PageOne.self.v.get())
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = SampleApp()
app.title("PyMail")
app.geometry("400x400")
app.mainloop()
Bry*_*ley 27
从本质上讲,您的问题有一个简单的答案."我如何从对象X获取值？" 任何对象的答案都是一样的:你通过询问对象X得到它.为了做到这一点,你需要的只是获得对象的引用,然后直接访问属性.
在您的情况下,代码PageTwo需要引用,PageOne以便您可以获取v变量.
那么,你如何获得参考？代码(您从教程中复制的代码,或者从教程复制的stackoverflow代码中复制的代码)旨在简化这一过程.每个页面都有一个对控制器的引用,该控制器具有对每个页面的引用.因此,您可以要求控制器为您提供对页面的引用.
第一步是在每个类中保存对控制器的引用.有趣的是,你已经在这里做了PageOne,但是你应该在所有页面中都这样做.确保添加self.controller = controller每个__init__方法,如下所示:
class PageTwo(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
...
self.controller=controller
...
接下来,我们需要在控制器类中添加一个方法,该方法将返回对页面的引用.将以下功能添加到SampleApp:
class SampleApp(tk.Tk):
...
def get_page(self, page_class):
return self.frames[page_class]
...
现在,从任何"页面"中,您可以访问任何其他"页面"的对象.例如,PageTwo您可以像这样访问v变量PageOne:
page1 = self.controller.get_page(PageOne)
page1.v.set("Hello, world")
更好的解决方案是让您的SampleApp类创建一组所有页面共享的变量.您可以在该类中创建字典,然后使用控制器为每个页面提供访问权限.例如:
class SampleApp(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.shared_data = {
"username": tk.StringVar(),
"password": tk.StringVar(),
...
)
然后,从任何类中,您都可以访问如下数据:
entry1 = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.controller.shared_data["username"])
...
username = self.controller.shared_data["username"].get()
这是更好的解决方案的原因是您的页面不必知道其他页面是如何实现的.当页面依赖于另一个页面的确切实现时,这称为紧耦合.如果页面不需要知道其他页面是如何实现的,则称为松散耦合.
松耦合为您提供更大的灵活性.它们不是将每个页面紧密耦合到每个其他页面,而是紧密耦合到单个对象:控制器.只要每个页面只知道控制器,每个页面都可以随时更改,而不会影响程序的其余部分.
当然,如果您更改控制器,则必须更改所有页面,但如果您在设计控制器方面做得很好,那么控制器不太可能发生,并且在发生时更容易管理.