可以从Android SQLiteConstraintException获取特定的错误详细信息？

Question

我对某些数据收到以下错误,概念足够清晰:

android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConstraintException: FOREIGN KEY constraint failed (code 787)

但是,这并没有帮助我找到哪个特定记录具有无效的FK.有没有办法打开我的代码并尝试用新事务隔离每个插入,有没有办法打开(或提取)日志记录,使用有用的详细信息,例如有问题的表,甚至导致问题的FK值？

此外,我正在使用SqlBrite,并已启用调试日志记录(只记录操作,我仍然没有获得有关错误的更多信息)

更新: 这是我自己的代码上面的所有logcat; 本质上是在尝试关闭先前打开的事务(BriteDatabase.Transaction)时捕获的异常(BriteDatabase.Transaction对象是一个新的添加;我只是从SqlBrite 0.1.0迁移到0.4.1).

android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConstraintException: FOREIGN KEY constraint failed (code 787)
    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.nativeExecute(Native Method)
    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.execute(SQLiteConnection.java:555)
    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteSession.endTransactionUnchecked(SQLiteSession.java:437)
    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteSession.endTransaction(SQLiteSession.java:401)
    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.endTransaction(SQLiteDatabase.java:522)
    at com.squareup.sqlbrite.BriteDatabase$1.end(BriteDatabase.java:85)

Answer 1

解决方案一：

您可以使用该adb shell dumpsys dbinfo -v命令查看有关数据库的一些信息。

就我而言，我创建了一个小示例，将相同的记录插入两次，强制执行SQLiteConstraintException：

MyDB db = new MyDB(this);

// Insert the same record twice to force a SQLiteConstraintException
db.insertIntoMyTable("1","MyName");
db.insertIntoMyTable("1","MyName");

这是我的 Nexus 4 中命令的输出adb shell dumpsys dbinfo -v（我不确定，但我认为输出信息在设备之间可能有所不同）：

Connection pool for /data/data/com.your.package.name/databases/MyDB:
Open: true
Max connections: 1
Available primary connection:
Connection #0:
  connectionPtr: 0xffffffffb883aaf0
  isPrimaryConnection: true
  onlyAllowReadOnlyOperations: false
  Most recently executed operations:
    0: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 1ms - failed, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"], exception="UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)"
    1: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)"
    2: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 18ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"]
    3: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)"
    4: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] executeForLong took 1ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA user_version;"
    5: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA user_version;"
    6: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="SELECT locale FROM android_metadata UNION SELECT NULL ORDER BY locale DESC LIMIT 1"
    7: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] execute took 1ms - succeeded, sql="CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS android_metadata (locale TEXT)"
    8: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint=100"
    9: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint"
    10: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_size_limit=524288"
    11: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_size_limit"
    12: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.206] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA synchronous"
    13: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.206] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_mode=PERSIST"
    14: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.205] executeForString took 1ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_mode"
    15: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.204] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA foreign_keys"
    16: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.204] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA page_size"
  Prepared statement cache:
    0: statementPtr=0xffffffffb8839558, numParameters=0, type=1, readOnly=true, sql="SELECT locale FROM android_metadata UNION SELECT NULL ORDER BY locale DESC LIMIT 1"
Available non-primary connections:
<none>
Acquired connections:
<none>
Connection waiters:
<none>

分析输出，Most recently executed operations:我得到以下信息（一条记录成功插入，另一条记录失败）：

0: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 1ms - failed, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"], exception="UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)"
2: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 18ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"]

解决方案2：

这个解决方案有点棘手，但您可以使用该类android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDebug通过 Java 代码获取类似的信息。

如果你看一下这个，你会发现这个类被标记为@hide，这意味着 SQLiteDebug 类被排除在 API 文档之外，但仍然可以通过反射访问它。

因此，要打印 SQLite 数据库的调试信息，可以使用以下代码：

// The messages will be printed as Log.ERROR using the tag "DB"
Printer p = new LogPrinter(Log.ERROR, "DB");
// We will invoke the "dump" method of the "android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDebug" class
// We eill use the "-v" parameter because we want the output to be verbose
Class<?> c = Class.forName("android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDebug");
Method method = c.getMethod("dump", new Class[]{Printer.class, String[].class});
method.invoke(null, p, new String[]{"-v"});

一个简单的例子来说明解决方案：

MyDB db = new MyDB(this);

// Insert the same record twice to force a SQLiteConstraintException
db.insertIntoMyTable("1","MyName");
db.insertIntoMyTable("1","MyName");

try {
    Printer p = new LogPrinter(Log.ERROR, "DB");
    Class<?> c = Class.forName("android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDebug");
    Method method = c.getMethod("dump", new Class[]{Printer.class, String[].class});
    method.invoke(null, p, new String[]{"-v"});
}
catch (Exception e) {
    Log.e("MyTag", e.getMessage());
}

在本例中，我使用 aLogPrinter将调试信息转储到 logcat，但您可以使用自己的Printer实现。

在我的 Nexus 4 中，logcat 看起来像这样（我不确定，但我认为输出信息在设备之间可能有所不同）：

E/SQLiteLog(22296): (1555) abort at 10 in [INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)]: UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296): Error inserting name=MyName _id=1
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296): android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConstraintException: UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.nativeExecuteForLastInsertedRowId(Native Method)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.executeForLastInsertedRowId(SQLiteConnection.java:782)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteSession.executeForLastInsertedRowId(SQLiteSession.java:788)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteStatement.executeInsert(SQLiteStatement.java:86)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.insertWithOnConflict(SQLiteDatabase.java:1471)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.insert(SQLiteDatabase.java:1341)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at com.example.antonio.prueba3.MyDB.insertIntoMyTable(MyDB.java:32)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at com.example.antonio.prueba3.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:24)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5990)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1106)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2278)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2387)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:151)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1303)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5254)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:903)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:698)
E/DB      (22296): Connection pool for /data/data/com.example.antonio.prueba3/databases/MyDB:
E/DB      (22296):   Open: true
E/DB      (22296):   Max connections: 1
E/DB      (22296):   Available primary connection:
E/DB      (22296):     Connection #0:
E/DB      (22296):       connectionPtr: 0xffffffffb883aaf0
E/DB      (22296):       isPrimaryConnection: true
E/DB      (22296):       onlyAllowReadOnlyOperations: false
E/DB      (22296):       Most recently executed operations:
E/DB      (22296):         0: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 1ms - failed, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"], exception="UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)"
E/DB      (22296):         1: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)"
E/DB      (22296):         2: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 18ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"]
E/DB      (22296):         3: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)"
E/DB      (22296):         4: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] executeForLong took 1ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA user_version;"
E/DB      (22296):         5: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA user_version;"
E/DB      (22296):         6: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="SELECT locale FROM android_metadata UNION SELECT NULL ORDER BY locale DESC LIMIT 1"
E/DB      (22296):         7: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] execute took 1ms - succeeded, sql="CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS android_metadata (locale TEXT)"
E/DB      (22296):         8: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint=100"
E/DB      (22296):         9: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint"
E/DB      (22296):         10: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_size_limit=524288"
E/DB      (22296):         11: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_size_limit"
E/DB      (22296):         12: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.206] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA synchronous"
E/DB      (22296):         13: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.206] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_mode=PERSIST"
E/DB      (22296):         14: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.205] executeForString took 1ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_mode"
E/DB      (22296):         15: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.204] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA foreign_keys"
E/DB      (22296):         16: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.204] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA page_size"
E/DB      (22296):       Prepared statement cache:
E/DB      (22296):         0: statementPtr=0xffffffffb8839558, numParameters=0, type=1, readOnly=true, sql="SELECT locale FROM android_metadata UNION SELECT NULL ORDER BY locale DESC LIMIT 1"
E/DB      (22296):   Available non-primary connections:
E/DB      (22296):     <none>
E/DB      (22296):   Acquired connections:
E/DB      (22296):     <none>
E/DB      (22296):   Connection waiters:
E/DB      (22296):     <none>

分析输出，我得到SQLiteConstraintException：

E/SQLiteDatabase(22296): android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConstraintException: UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)

在Most recently executed operations:我得到以下信息（一条记录成功插入，另一条记录失败）：

E/DB      (22296):         0: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 1ms - failed, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"], exception="UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)"
E/DB      (22296):         2: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 18ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"]

希望能帮助到你。