在iPython或iPython Notebook中显示可旋转的3D图

Question

(Mac OSX 10.10.5)

我可以从matplotlib网站复制http://matplotlib.org/gallery.html#mplot3d的3D散点图示例代码http://matplotlib.org/examples/mplot3d/scatter3d_demo.html,但情节呈现为静态图像.我无法点击图表并动态旋转以查看3D绘图数据.

我使用示例代码实现了静态3D绘图 - 使用(a)终端内的ipython,(b)终端内的ipython笔记本,以及(c)从Anaconda启动器启动的ipython笔记本.

我想我错过了一些非常基本的步骤作为假设的知识.

在过去的学习中,plotting已经打开了一个GUI Python App,它有一个图形查看器.(下面显示的代码中的解决方案2打开了这个.)也许我需要知道将输出图导出到该显示方法的代码？(是的,使用%matplotlib(仅)作为没有内联或笔记本的第一行,如下面代码块中的注释所示.)

作为ipython笔记本中的一个例子:

    # These lines are comments
    # Initial setup from an online python notebook tutorial is below. 
    # Note the first line "%matplotlib inline" this is how the tutorial has it.
    # Two solutions 1. use: "%matplotlib notebook" graphs appear dynamic in the notebook.
    #               2. use: "%matplotlib" (only) graphs appear dynamic in separate window. 
    #    ( 2. is the best solution for detailed graphs/plots. )

    %matplotlib inline  
    import pandas as pd
    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib as mpl
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

    pd.set_option('html',False)
    pd.set_option('max_columns',30)
    pd.set_option('max_rows',10)


    # What follows is a copy of the 3D plot example code.
    # Data is randomly generated so there is no external data import.

    def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
        return (vmax-vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vmin

    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
    n = 100
    for c, m, zl, zh in [('r', 'o', -60, -25), ('b', '^', -30, -5)]:
        xs = randrange(n, 23, 50)
        ys = randrange(n, 0, 100)
        zs = randrange(n, zl, zh)
        ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, c=c, marker=m)

    ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
    ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
    ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')

    plt.show()

有人可以识别我错过的东西吗？

查看Python 3.3.6文档,第25.1节可能是tkinter包...

tkinter包("Tk接口")是Tk GUI工具包的标准Python接口.Tk和tkinter都可以在大多数Unix平台以及Windows系统上使用.

我认为,这与GUI程序的开发有关,所以我不确定这是否相关.(正确,这不是解决方案所必需的.)

Answer 1

使用%matplotlib notebook而不是%matplotlib inline在IPython笔记本中获取嵌入式交互式数字 - 这需要最新版本的matplotlib(1.4+)和IPython(3.0+).

Answer 2

对于 Colab 环境，我发现 HTML() 函数最有用：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from numpy.random import rand
from IPython.display import HTML
from matplotlib import animation

m = rand(3,3) # m is an array of (x,y,z) coordinate triplets

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

for i in range(len(m)): # plot each point + it's index as text above
  x = m[i,0]
  y = m[i,1]
  z = m[i,2]
  label = i
  ax.scatter(x, y, z, color='b')
  ax.text(x, y, z, '%s' % (label), size=20, zorder=1, color='k')

ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_zlabel('z')

def animate(frame):
  ax.view_init(30, frame/4)
  plt.pause(.001)
  return fig

anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames=200, interval=50)
HTML(anim.to_html5_video())