使用matplotlib plt.show()看不到图

Question

我是Python和Linux的新手,我需要帮助,我尝试使用matplotlib以下列方式显示一个简单的图:

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

plt.plot([5,6,7,8], [7,3,8,3])
plt.show()

但是,当我运行时python3 test.py,我得到以下输出:

/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3agg.py:18: UserWarning: The Gtk3Agg backend is known to not work on Python 3.x with pycairo. Try installing cairocffi.
  "The Gtk3Agg backend is known to not work on Python 3.x with pycairo. "
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3agg.py", line 69, in on_draw_event
    buf, cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, width, height)
NotImplementedError: Surface.create_for_data: Not Implemented yet.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3agg.py", line 69, in on_draw_event
    buf, cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, width, height)
NotImplementedError: Surface.create_for_data: Not Implemented yet.
/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3.py:215: Warning: Source ID 7 was not found when attempting to remove it
  GLib.source_remove(self._idle_event_id)

一个没有白色画布的空图:

怎么了？我该如何解决？

Answer 1

如你看到的:

"The Gtk3Agg backend is known to not work on Python 3.x with pycairo."

所以提出的建议是:

Try installing cairocffi.

在安装向导的cairocffi是相当直接的.如果满足依赖关系¹,则很简单:

pip install cairocffi

^{1)逻辑上的依赖关系Python 3.x 应该是:}

sudo apt-get install python3-dev
sudo apt-get install libffi-dev