如何从 C++/cx 中的嵌套任务返回值？

Question

我有一堆这样的线程任务：

create_task(somewinrtasyncfunction()).then([this(variable_that_the_last_task_returned)
{
    //task here
    return info;
}).then([this](info)
{
    //another task here
    return status});

status现在我想在任务之外、调用它的函数中使用。我如何访问它？

Answer 1

您return所创建的任务（或价值）create_task(...).then(...).then(...)。

如果您需要同步获取结果，您可以尝试调用，但这.get()不会在应用程序的主 UI 线程上工作，并且不是您应该做的事情。该代码现在可能在后台线程上运行，但将来您可能最终会在 UI 线程上调用该函数（也许是通过某种非常迂回的方式），然后您的应用程序就会崩溃。修复应用程序的唯一方法是将您的代码重新设计为异步......就像它本来应该放在首位的那样。task

另请注意，尝试自行解决方法以同步获取值（例如调用WaitForSingleObjectEx()任务中发出信号的对象）可能会导致许多 WinRT 异步方法的 UI 线程死锁。不要这样做！

您应该继续异步链以对值进行操作。这是一个简单的例子；test()从主 UI 线程调用。

concurrency::task<int> get_double_async(int value)
{
  return concurrency::create_task(
    [value]()
  {
    return value * 2;
  });
}

// DON'T DO THIS - IT IS A BUG FARM WAITING TO HAPPEN!
int try_calling_get()
{
  auto value = 2;
  value = get_double_async(value).get(); // TODO: Don't do this!
  value = get_double_async(value).get(); // TODO: Don't do this!
  return value;
}

concurrency::task<int> do_it_properly()
{
  auto value = 2;
  return get_double_async(value).then([](int value)
  {
    return get_double_async(value).then([](int value)
    {
      return value;
    });
  });
}

void test()
{
  wchar_t buff[255];
  swprintf_s(buff, L"test() being called on thread %d.\r\n", GetCurrentThreadId());
  OutputDebugString(buff);

  // this will fail at runtime if called from UI thread
  try
  {
    auto x = try_calling_get();
  }
  catch (const concurrency::invalid_operation& op)
  {
    // "Illegal to wait on a task in a Windows Runtime STA"
    swprintf_s(buff, L"try_calling_get() threw '%hs'; thread is %d.\r\n",
      op.what(), GetCurrentThreadId());
    OutputDebugString(buff);
  }

  // this will "work", but only because it is forced into a threadpool thread
  concurrency::create_task([]
  {
    auto x = try_calling_get(); // TODO: Don't do this!
    wchar_t buff[255];
    swprintf_s(buff, L"try_calling_get() returned %d; thread is %d.\r\n",
      x, GetCurrentThreadId());
    OutputDebugString(buff);
  });

  // this is the preferred way to do it
  do_it_properly().then([](int x)
  {
    wchar_t buff[255];
    swprintf_s(buff, L"do_it_properly() returned %d; thread is %d.\r\n",
      x, GetCurrentThreadId());
    OutputDebugString(buff);
  });
}

请注意，此示例使用基于值的延续.then([](int value){...})而不是基于任务的延续.then([](task<int> value){...})；如果您想控制异常等事情，您可以使用基于任务的延续。

这是一个示例运行（线程ID每次都会不同，有时最后两个会相同）

concurrency::task<int> get_double_async(int value)
{
  return concurrency::create_task(
    [value]()
  {
    return value * 2;
  });
}

// DON'T DO THIS - IT IS A BUG FARM WAITING TO HAPPEN!
int try_calling_get()
{
  auto value = 2;
  value = get_double_async(value).get(); // TODO: Don't do this!
  value = get_double_async(value).get(); // TODO: Don't do this!
  return value;
}

concurrency::task<int> do_it_properly()
{
  auto value = 2;
  return get_double_async(value).then([](int value)
  {
    return get_double_async(value).then([](int value)
    {
      return value;
    });
  });
}

void test()
{
  wchar_t buff[255];
  swprintf_s(buff, L"test() being called on thread %d.\r\n", GetCurrentThreadId());
  OutputDebugString(buff);

  // this will fail at runtime if called from UI thread
  try
  {
    auto x = try_calling_get();
  }
  catch (const concurrency::invalid_operation& op)
  {
    // "Illegal to wait on a task in a Windows Runtime STA"
    swprintf_s(buff, L"try_calling_get() threw '%hs'; thread is %d.\r\n",
      op.what(), GetCurrentThreadId());
    OutputDebugString(buff);
  }

  // this will "work", but only because it is forced into a threadpool thread
  concurrency::create_task([]
  {
    auto x = try_calling_get(); // TODO: Don't do this!
    wchar_t buff[255];
    swprintf_s(buff, L"try_calling_get() returned %d; thread is %d.\r\n",
      x, GetCurrentThreadId());
    OutputDebugString(buff);
  });

  // this is the preferred way to do it
  do_it_properly().then([](int x)
  {
    wchar_t buff[255];
    swprintf_s(buff, L"do_it_properly() returned %d; thread is %d.\r\n",
      x, GetCurrentThreadId());
    OutputDebugString(buff);
  });
}