'application.yml'中的Spring Boot属性未从JUnit Test加载

Question

我究竟做错了什么？我正在使用这个小的独立应用程序运行并找到我的src/main/resources/config/application.yml.相同的配置在JUnit中不起作用,见下文:

@Configuration
@ComponentScan
@EnableConfigurationProperties

public class TestApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class);
    }
}


@Component
@ConfigurationProperties

public class Bean{
    ...
}

以下不起作用,application.yml未加载相同的属性并且Bean只有null值:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = TestApplication.class)

public class SomeTestClass {
    ...
}

Answer 1

试试这个:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = TestApplication.class, 
    initializers = ConfigFileApplicationContextInitializer.class)
public class SomeTestClass {
    ...
}

编辑:

对于Spring Boot版本1.5+,SpringApplicationConfiguration被删除以支持SpringBootTest或直接使用SpringBootContextLoader.

您仍然可以使用initializers带ContextConfiguration注释的参数.

Answer 2

使用在SpringBoot 2.0中加载任何自定义yml文件的技巧@SpringBootTest

• 在test\resources中创建一些yml文件
• 使用ConfigFileApplicationContextInitializer和spring.config.location财产

示例代码:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(
    classes = { MyConfiguration.class, AnotherDependancy.class },
    initializers = {ConfigFileApplicationContextInitializer.class} )
@TestPropertySource(properties = { "spring.config.location=classpath:myApp-test.yml" })
public class ConfigProviderTest {
    @Autowired
    private MyConfiguration myConfiguration; //this will be filled with myApp-test.yml 

   @Value("${my.config-yml-string}")
   private String someSrting; //will get value from the yml file.

}

Answer 3

添加到利亚姆的答案，另一种选择是：

@TestPropertySource(locations = { "classpath:application.yaml" })

application.yaml这里的主要区别是，如果不在您的/test/resources目录中，测试将失败并出现文件未找到异常

Answer 4

这是另一种方式:[Spring Boot v1.4.x]

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "own")
public class OwnSettings {

    private String name;
    Getter & setters...

}

import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@BootstrapWith(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.class)
public class OwnSettingsTest {

  @Autowired
  private OwnSettings bean;

  @Test
  public void test() {
    bean.getName();
  }
}

仅当"application.properties"文件存在时,此方法才有效.

例如maven项目:

src/main/resources/application.properties [ 该文件可以为空但它是必需的!]
src/main/resources/application.yml [这是你的真实配置文件]

Answer 5

2017年2月替代方案:

@SpringBootTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestApplication.class })
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class SomeTestClass {
   ...
}

精益变体(没有@SpringBootTest):

@ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestApplication.class },
                 initializers = { ConfigFileApplicationContextInitializer.class })
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class SomeTestClass {

Answer 6

由于 spring-boot 2.6.0 版本org.springframework.boot.test.context.ConfigFileApplicationContextInitializer已被弃用，建议使用org.springframework.boot.test.context.ConfigDataApplicationContextInitializer。

在您的测试中，您可以将其用作：

@ContextConfiguration(classes = {
  ...        
}, initializers = ConfigDataApplicationContextInitializer.class)
public class MyTestingClassIT

Answer 7

使用 Spring Boot 2 进行单元测试

spring boot 2 默认支持“application.properties”，对于“application.yml”，只需在下面添加：

@TestPropertySource(properties = { "spring.config.location=classpath:application.yml" })

例如

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@TestPropertySource(properties = { "spring.config.location=classpath:application.yml" })
public class ServiceTest {...}