bin*_*son 5 ruby memory variables scope coding-style
Rubocop确认了《 Ruby样式指南》。它不鼓励使用实例变量之外的任何东西。我发现不至少使用类变量令人困惑。样式指南中的此代码片段不赞成使用全局变量,而是建议使用模块实例变量:
# bad
$foo_bar = 1
# good
module Foo
class << self
attr_accessor :bar
end
end
Foo.bar = 1
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
谨慎使用全局变量是有道理的,但是既不使用全局变量也不使用类变量会让我大吃一惊。
在模块实例变量和类实例变量中,哪个更有效地使用内存?
例如:
选项A(类实例变量):
# things that exist only with life
module Life
# an instance of life with unique actions/attributes
class Person
attr_accessor :memories
def initialize
@memories = []
end
def memorize(something)
@memories << something
end
end
end
bob = Life::Person.new
bob.memorize 'birthday'
bob.memorize 'wedding'
bob.memorize 'anniversary'
bob.memories
# => ["birthday", "wedding", "anniversary"]
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
选项B(模块实例变量):
# things that exist only with life
module Life
# something all living things possess
module Memory
class << self
attr_accessor :memories
end
end
# an instance of life with unique actions/attributes
class Person
include Memory
def initialize
Memory.memories = []
end
def memorize(something)
Memory.memories << something
end
def memories
Memory.memories
end
end
end
bob = Life::Person.new
bob.memorize 'birthday'
bob.memorize 'wedding'
bob.memorize 'anniversary'
bob.memories
# => ["birthday", "wedding", "anniversary"]
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
您误解了术语“类实例变量”。它的意思是“Class对象上的实例变量”,而不是“某个类的实例上的实例变量”。
class Person
attr_accessor :memories # instance variable, not shared
class << self
attr_accessor :memories # class instance variable, shared between
# all instances of this class
end
end
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
显然,有时您确实需要使用类实例变量。避免使用类变量 ( @@memories),因为它们在层次结构中的所有类(该类及其子类)之间共享,这可能会导致令人惊讶的行为。