之间会有很大的区别:
Complex a(1.0, 2.0), b(1.1, 2.2);
Complex c;
c = a + b;
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和:
Complex a(1.0, 2.0), b(1.1, 2.2);
Complex c;
c.re = a.re + b.re;
c.im = a.im + b.im;
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如果Complex operator+(Complex lhs, Complex rhs);
函数无法内联。但是,如果 compile 可以内联代码,则根本没有区别。
所以它在很大程度上取决于对运营商的调用的相对开销和实际调用的复杂性。做std::string operator+(const std::string& lhs, const std::string& rhs);
一个对字符串的是几千字节将在调用的开销非常小operator+
,相比的增加double
或float
在复杂的数学情况下上面的数字。对于短字符串,相对而言,开销要大得多。
下面是一个例子:
操作.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include "Complex.h"
#include "Complex2.h"
const int SIZE = 80000;
template<typename CPLX>
void Fill(CPLX* arr)
{
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
{
arr[i] = CPLX(rand(), rand());
}
}
template<typename CPLX>
void DummyFunc(CPLX* arr)
{
double sum;
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
{
sum = arr[i].re + arr[i].im;
}
std::cout << "Sum:" << sum << std::endl;
}
static __inline__ unsigned long long rdtsc(void)
{
unsigned hi, lo;
__asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a"(lo), "=d"(hi));
return ( (unsigned long long)lo)|( ((unsigned long long)hi)<<32 );
}
void RunFunc1()
{
Complex arr1[SIZE];
Complex arr2[SIZE];
Complex arr3[SIZE];
Fill(arr1);
Fill(arr2);
unsigned long long t = rdtsc();
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
{
arr3[i] = arr2[i] + arr1[i];
}
t = rdtsc() - t;
std::cout << "Time=" << t << std::endl;
DummyFunc(arr3);
}
void RunFunc2()
{
Complex2 arr1[SIZE];
Complex2 arr2[SIZE];
Complex2 arr3[SIZE];
Fill(arr1);
Fill(arr2);
unsigned long long t = rdtsc();
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
{
arr3[i] = arr2[i] + arr1[i];
}
t = rdtsc() - t;
std::cout << "Time=" << t << std::endl;
DummyFunc(arr3);
}
void RunFunc3()
{
Complex2 arr1[SIZE];
Complex2 arr2[SIZE];
Complex2 arr3[SIZE];
Fill(arr1);
Fill(arr2);
unsigned long long t = rdtsc();
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
{
arr3[i].im = arr2[i].im + arr1[i].im;
arr3[i].re = arr2[i].re + arr1[i].re;
}
t = rdtsc() - t;
std::cout << "Time=" << t << std::endl;
DummyFunc(arr3);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
RunFunc1();
RunFunc2();
RunFunc3();
}
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复杂.h:
class Complex
{
public:
Complex(double r, double i) : re(r), im(i) {}
Complex() {};
double re;
double im;
};
Complex operator+(Complex lhs, Complex rhs);
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复杂2.h:
class Complex2
{
public:
Complex2(double r, double i) : re(r), im(i) {}
Complex2() {};
double re;
double im;
};
Complex2 operator+(Complex2 lhs, Complex2 rhs)
{
return Complex2(lhs.re + rhs.re, lhs.im + rhs.im);
}
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复杂.cpp:
#include "Complex.h"
Complex operator+(Complex lhs, Complex rhs)
{
return Complex(lhs.re + rhs.re, lhs.im + rhs.im);
}
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构建:
clang++ -O2 -c Complex.cpp
clang++ -O2 oper.cpp Complex.o -std=c++11
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结果如下所示:
Time=3265033
Sum:7.09575e+09
Time=1728941
Sum:6.72663e+09
Time=1705123
Sum:2.92692e+09
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如您所见,第一次大约是其他两个解决方案的 2 倍。这是因为Complex.cpp
当代码在单独的翻译单元(单独编译)时,编译器无法内联代码