"挂载错误(126):使用CIFS和Kerberos时所需的密钥不可用"

a c*_*der 12 linux mount kerberos cifs

我的应用程序需要使用CIFS和Kerberos安全地挂载Isilon共享.我的mount尝试回归Required key not available:

mount -t cifs //fileserver.example.com/client123/files/mnt/client123/files -o username = acoder,password = XXXXXX,sec = krb5

响应:

mount error(126): Required key not available
Refer to the mount.cifs(8) manual page (e.g. man mount.cifs)
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

以下是相应的条目 /var/log/messages

Sep 16 16:33:49 clientbox kernel: CIFS VFS: Send error in SessSetup = -126
Sep 16 16:33:49 clientbox kernel: CIFS VFS: cifs_mount failed w/return code = -126
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

背景和配置

我添加了一个keytab使用:

/usr/bin/ktutil
addent -password -p acoder@EXAMPLE.COM -k 1 -e rc4-hmac
addent -password -p acoder@EXAMPLE.COM -k 1 -e aes256-cts
wkt /etc/krb5.keytab
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

检查klist -kte:

[acoder@clientbox]# klist -kte
Keytab name: FILE:/etc/krb5.keytab
KVNO Timestamp         Principal
---- ----------------- --------------------------------------------------------
   1 09/16/15 16:24:32 acoder@EXAMPLE.COM (arcfour-hmac) 
   1 09/16/15 16:25:46 acoder@EXAMPLE.COM (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96) 
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

这是request-key.conf:

#OP TYPE    DESCRIPTION CALLOUT INFO    PROGRAM ARG1 ARG2 ARG3 ...
#====== ======= =============== =============== ===============================
create  user        debug:*     negate      /bin/keyctl negate %k 30 %S
create  user        debug:loop:*    *       |/bin/cat
create  user        debug:*     *       /usr/share/keyutils/request-key-debug.sh %k %d %c %S
negate  *       *       *       /bin/keyctl negate %k 30 %S
create  cifs.spnego     *       *       /usr/sbin/cifs.upcall %k
create  dns_resolver    *       *       /usr/sbin/cifs.upcall %k
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

票证缓存:

# klist | grep "Ticket cache:"
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

可能导致"必需密钥不可用"错误的原因是什么?

编辑:我在CIFS中启用了调试,并尝试再次挂载共享.这是输出:

fs/cifs/cifsfs.c: Devname: //fileserver.example.com/client123/files flags: 0 
fs/cifs/connect.c: prefix path /files
fs/cifs/connect.c: Username: acoder
fs/cifs/connect.c: file mode: 0x1ed  dir mode: 0x1ed
fs/cifs/connect.c: CIFS VFS: in cifs_mount as Xid: 8 with uid: 0
fs/cifs/connect.c: UNC: \\fileserver.example.com/client123/files ip: 1.2.3.4
fs/cifs/connect.c: Socket created
fs/cifs/connect.c: sndbuf 19800 rcvbuf 87380 rcvtimeo 0x1b58
fs/cifs/connect.c: CIFS VFS: in cifs_get_smb_ses as Xid: 9 with uid: 0
fs/cifs/connect.c: Demultiplex PID: 22937
fs/cifs/connect.c: Existing smb sess not found
fs/cifs/cifssmb.c: secFlags 0x9
fs/cifs/cifssmb.c: Kerberos only mechanism, enable extended security
fs/cifs/transport.c: For smb_command 114
fs/cifs/transport.c: Sending smb: smb_len=78
fs/cifs/connect.c: RFC1002 header 0xbc
fs/cifs/transport.c: cifs_sync_mid_result: cmd=114 mid=1 state=4
fs/cifs/cifssmb.c: Dialect: 2
fs/cifs/asn1.c: OID len = 7 oid = 0x1 0x2 0x348 0x1bb92
fs/cifs/asn1.c: OID len = 6 oid = 0x1 0x3 0x5 0x1
fs/cifs/asn1.c: OID len = 7 oid = 0x1 0x2 0x348 0xbb92
fs/cifs/asn1.c: OID len = 10 oid = 0x1 0x3 0x6 0x1
fs/cifs/asn1.c: Need to call asn1_octets_decode() function for not_defined_in_RFC4178@please_ignore
fs/cifs/cifssmb.c: negprot rc 0
fs/cifs/connect.c: Security Mode: 0x3 Capabilities: 0x8000e2fc TimeAdjust: 0
fs/cifs/sess.c: sess setup type 4
fs/cifs/cifs_spnego.c: key description = ver=0x2;host=fileserver.example.com;ip4=1.2.3.4;sec=krb5;uid=0x0;creduid=0x0;user=acoder;pid=0xXXXXX
fs/cifs/sess.c: ssetup freeing small buf ffff8804359b02701
CIFS VFS: Send error in SessSetup = -126
fs/cifs/connect.c: CIFS VFS: leaving cifs_get_smb_ses (xid = 9) rc = -126
fs/cifs/connect.c: CIFS VFS: leaving cifs_mount (xid = 8) rc = -126
CIFS VFS: cifs_mount failed w/return code = -126
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

Ric*_*man 12

"Required key not available"意味着cifs.upcall-通过响应安装请求内核运行-无法获得Kerberos票据为CIFS服务器并从该生成所需的认证服务器的密钥(它会去在客户端线程的内核钥匙圈).cifs.upcall记录到daemon.debug; 首先检查这些消息.通常是这样/var/log/daemon,但您可能需要调整syslog配置以包含调试级别的消息.在我的系统上,这些看起来像这样:

Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] key description: cifs.spnego;0;0;3f000000;ver=0x2;host=server.example.com;ip4=10.12.0.6;sec=krb5;uid=0x0;creduid=0x2cec;user=res;pid=0x1997
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] ver=2
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] host=server.example.com
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] ip=10.12.0.6
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] sec=1
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] uid=0
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] creduid=11500
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] user=res
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] pid=6551
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] find_krb5_cc: considering /tmp/krb5cc_5601
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] find_krb5_cc: /tmp/krb5cc_5601 is owned by 5601, not 11500
Aug 19 20:00:26 client.example.com cifs.upcall: [daemon.debug] find_krb5_cc: considering /tmp/krb5cc_5702
...
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

通常你会使用这样的mount命令:

$ sudo mount -t cifs -o user=acoder,cruid=acoder,sec=krb5 ...
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

cruid参数cifs.upcall代表该挂载发生的帐户.它将首先查找此帐户()拥有的Kerberos凭据缓存("ccaches")/tmp/krb5cc_*,以查看该帐户是否已登录并具有当前凭据(例如,如果它是一个人并且他们已经完成kinit); 您可以在上面的日志中看到这个"正在考虑"各种ccaches的情况.如果失败,它会尝试使用keytab进行kinit.早期版本只使用系统默认密钥表,这意味着客户端委托人的密钥必须(通常/etc/krb5.keytab)去那里.以后的版本有一个-K标志,您可以使用它来为此部署每用户密钥标记,在多用户系统上显然更好.请注意,mount命令中不需要密码; keytab提供该信息.

另一个需要检查的事情是,客户端上的Kerberos配置允许获取服务器的CIFS票证才能成功.例如:

$ kinit acoder@EXAMPLE.COM
... type your password
$ klist
... see your TGT
$ kvno cifs/fileserver.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
$ klist
... see CIFS ticket
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

无论如何,有很多变数; 从cifs.upcall调试日志开始,让我们从那里开始.

(请注意,第一个答案是混淆和错误的;您应该忽略它.不需要将客户端主机加入到域中,并且它的主机主体在此处无关紧要.)


小智 2

假设您已经发布了 的完整内容krb5.keytab,则似乎缺少主持人的密钥。为了代表用户成功进行身份验证,您的服务器需要用户和服务票证。最简单的方法是通过 sssd/samba 将服务器加入域(这将用 填充您的密钥表,然后将用户添加到同一密钥表。

无论如何,有很多方法可以做到这一点,但您必须确保您的密钥表(或多个密钥表)具有两个密钥,以便它可以获得两个票证。