如何使用反xss攻击清理web api中的输入数据

Question

以下是我的代码片段

模型类

// Customer.cs

using CommonLayer;

namespace Models
{
    public class Customer
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [MyAntiXss]
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }
}

我想清理Model类的'Name'字段中的值,如下所示

// CutstomModelBinder.cs

 using Microsoft.Security.Application;
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Web.Mvc;

    namespace CommonLayer
    {
        public class CutstomModelBinder : DefaultModelBinder
        {
            protected override void BindProperty(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor)
            {
                if (propertyDescriptor.Attributes.OfType<MyAntiXssAttribute>().Any())
                {
                    ValueProviderResult valueResult = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(propertyDescriptor.Name);
                    string filteredValue = Encoder.HtmlEncode(valueResult.AttemptedValue);
                    propertyDescriptor.SetValue(bindingContext.Model, filteredValue);
                }
                else
                    base.BindProperty(controllerContext, bindingContext, propertyDescriptor);
            }
        }
    }

我将'DefaultBinder'更改为我的'CutstomModelBinder',如下所示

// Global.asax.cs

using CommonLayer;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace WebAPI
{
    public class WebApiApplication : HttpApplication
    {
        protected void Application_Start()
        {
            GlobalConfiguration.Configure(WebApiConfig.Register);
            ModelBinders.Binders.DefaultBinder = new CutstomModelBinder();
        }
    }
}

我写了一个控制器类,如下所示

// CustomerController.cs

using Models;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace WebAPI.Controllers
{
    public class CustomerController : ApiController
    {
        public string Post([FromBody]Customer customer)
        {
            //customer.Name = Encoder.HtmlEncode(customer.Name);
            return string.Format("Id = {0}, Name = '{1}'", customer.Id, customer.Name);
        }
    }
}

当我按如下方式调用上述控制器的类'Post'方法时,它按预期调用控制器类的'Post'方法.但它并没有在我的'CutstomModelBinder'类中调用'BindProperty'方法.

// Program.cs

using Models;
using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Formatting;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;

namespace Client
{
    public static class Program
    {
        public static void Main(params string[] args)
        {
            bool success = Post();
            Console.WriteLine("success = " + success);
            Console.Read();
        }

        private static HttpClient GetHttpClient()
        {
            HttpClient client = new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:49295/") };
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            return client;
        }

        private static bool Post()
        {
            Customer customer = new Customer { Id = 1, Name = "<br>Anivesh</br>" };
            HttpContent content = new ObjectContent<Customer>(customer, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());

            HttpClient client = GetHttpClient();
            HttpResponseMessage response = client.PostAsync("Customer", content).Result;
            client.Dispose();

            if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                string expected = string.Format("Id = {0}, Name = '{1}'", customer.Id, customer.Name);
                string result = response.Content.ReadAsAsync<string>().Result;
                return expected == result;
            }
            else
                return false;
        }
    }
}

请让我知道使用'DataBinders'的正确方法,以便在接收控制器中的调用之前,我可以在公共位置清理输入数据.

Answer 1

要使用Web API以通用方式清理输入,您可以按照我之前的答案中所述创建自己的ModelBinder,但更简单的方法可能是修改现有的JsonMediaTypeFormatter以在ReadFromStreamAsync方法中包含所需的santization逻辑.

您可以尝试的一种方法如下:

首先,创建一个通用属性,用于装饰需要清理的DTO中的属性,即:

 [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
 public sealed class SanitizeAttribute : Attribute
 { }

然后创建一个JsonMediaTypeFormatter的子类型来处理清理,即:

public sealed class SanitizingJsonMediaTypeFormatter : JsonMediaTypeFormatter
{
    public override Task<object> ReadFromStreamAsync(Type type, Stream readStream, HttpContent content, IFormatterLogger formatterLogger, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        Task<object> resultTask = base.ReadFromStreamAsync(type, readStream, content, formatterLogger, cancellationToken);

        var propertiesFlaggedForSanitization = type.GetProperties().Where(e => e.GetCustomAttribute<SanitizeAttribute>() != null).ToList();
        if (propertiesFlaggedForSanitization.Any())
        {
            var result = resultTask.Result;
            foreach (var propertyInfo in propertiesFlaggedForSanitization)
            {
                var raw = (string)propertyInfo.GetValue(result);
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(raw))
                {
                    propertyInfo.SetValue(result, AntiXssEncoder.HtmlEncode(raw, true));
                }
            }
        }
        return resultTask;
    }
}

此实现只是检查生成的Type是否具有使用Sanitize属性修饰的任何属性,如果是,则使用内置的System.Web.Security.AntiXss.AntiXssEncoder(.NET 4.5及更高版本)执行清理.

您可能希望优化此类,以便缓存类型和属性信息,这样您就不会对每个反序列化进行重量级反射调用.

该过程的最后一步是在WebAPI启动代码中用您自己的内置JSON媒体类型格式化程序替换:

var jsonFormatter = config.Formatters.OfType<JsonMediaTypeFormatter>().First();
config.Formatters.Remove(jsonFormatter);
config.Formatters.Add(new SanitizingJsonMediaTypeFormatter());

现在任何具有使用Sanitize属性修饰的属性的DTO都将在DTO甚至命中控制器之前被正确编码.

Answer 2

DefaultModelBinder 位于System.Web.ModelBinding命名空间中，由 MVC 控制器使用。

对于WebAPI项目，您需要实现System.Web.Http.ModelBinding.IModelBinder接口。

直接从 MSDN 站点获取的模型绑定器示例如下：

public class GeoPointModelBinder : IModelBinder
{
    // List of known locations.
    private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, GeoPoint> _locations
        = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, GeoPoint>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

    static GeoPointModelBinder()
    {
        _locations["redmond"] = new GeoPoint() { Latitude = 47.67856, Longitude = -122.131 };
        _locations["paris"] = new GeoPoint() { Latitude = 48.856930, Longitude = 2.3412 };
        _locations["tokyo"] = new GeoPoint() { Latitude = 35.683208, Longitude = 139.80894 };
    }

    public bool BindModel(HttpActionContext actionContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
    {
        if (bindingContext.ModelType != typeof(GeoPoint))
        {
            return false;
        }

        ValueProviderResult val = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(
            bindingContext.ModelName);
        if (val == null)
        {
            return false;
        }

        string key = val.RawValue as string;
        if (key == null)
        {
            bindingContext.ModelState.AddModelError(
                bindingContext.ModelName, "Wrong value type");
            return false;
        }

        GeoPoint result;
        if (_locations.TryGetValue(key, out result) || GeoPoint.TryParse(key, out result))
        {
            bindingContext.Model = result;
            return true;
        }

        bindingContext.ModelState.AddModelError(
            bindingContext.ModelName, "Cannot convert value to Location");
        return false;
    }
}

可以在此处找到支持此示例的完整帖子： MSDN 模型绑定