通过MSBuild构建Visual Studio 2015 C++项目(v140)失败 - 无法找到v140

Question

我并排安装了Visual Studio 2013和2015.我刚刚将组合解决方案(C#,C++,C++/CLI)升级到2015,并将Platform Toolset设置为v140.

Visual Studio的构建工作正常,但无法从MSBuild编译.我使用无法找到v140的MSBuild 14和MSBuild抱怨,但这是无稽之谈,因为v140安装在"c:\ Program Files(x86)\ MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\V140"中的计算机上.

关于升级解决方案的建议无法完成,因为解决方案已经升级,解决方案上下文菜单中没有此类项目.

如果我将项目的平台工具切换到v120,它可以工作.

细节:

c:\git\hewerMaster>"c:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe"  c:\git
\hewerMaster\Hewer.sln /property:Configuration=Debug /property:Platform=x86
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 14.0.23107.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build,
please add the "/m" switch.
Build started 9/12/2015 4:00:25 PM.
Project "c:\git\hewerMaster\Hewer.sln" on node 1 (default targets).
ValidateSolutionConfiguration:
  Building solution configuration "Debug|x86".
ValidateProjects:
  The project "HewerDotNetWrapper" is not selected for building in solution con
  figuration "Debug|x86".
  The project "VisualHewer" is not selected for building in solution configurat
  ion "Debug|x86".
  The project "UnitTestWrapper" is not selected for building in solution config
  uration "Debug|x86".
  The project "ParamsFormatConverter" is not selected for building in solution
  configuration "Debug|x86".
  The project "UnitTestGenerator" is not selected for building in solution conf
  iguration "Debug|x86".
  The project "HewerUnitTestDotNet" is not selected for building in solution co
  nfiguration "Debug|x86".
Project "c:\git\hewerMaster\Hewer.sln" (1) is building "c:\git\hewerMaster\Hewe
rRedirect\HewerRedirect.csproj" (2) on node 1 (default targets).
CoreCompile:
Skipping target "CoreCompile" because all output files are up-to-date with resp
ect to the input files.
_CopyAppConfigFile:
Skipping target "_CopyAppConfigFile" because all output files are up-to-date wi
th respect to the input files.
CopyFilesToOutputDirectory:
  HewerRedirect -> c:\git\hewerMaster\anyCPU\Debug\pbrain-hewer.exe
Done Building Project "c:\git\hewerMaster\HewerRedirect\HewerRedirect.csproj" (
default targets).

Project "c:\git\hewerMaster\Hewer.sln" (1) is building "c:\git\hewerMaster\Hewe
r\Hewer.vcxproj" (3) on node 1 (default targets).
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\V120\Microsoft.Cpp.Platform.t
argets(64,5): error MSB8020: The build tools for v140 (Platform Toolset = 'v140
') cannot be found. To build using the v140 build tools, please install v140 bu
ild tools.  Alternatively, you may upgrade to the current Visual Studio tools b
y selecting the Project menu or right-click the solution, and then selecting "U
pgrade Solution...". [c:\git\hewerMaster\Hewer\Hewer.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "c:\git\hewerMaster\Hewer\Hewer.vcxproj" (default targets
) -- FAILED.

Done Building Project "c:\git\hewerMaster\Hewer.sln" (default targets) -- FAILE
D.


Build FAILED.

更新:

• Debug X86中有一些项目被跳过.这是故意的.
• 该项目最初是在VS2008中创建的,然后升级到VS2013,然后升级到VS2015.
• 此计算机上安装了两个Visual Studios(2013社区和2015社区).2013年首次安装,2015年之后.

注册表设置如下所示:

UPDATE2: 最小,完整和可验证的示例

我在Visual Studio 2015中创建了空的C++控制台应用程序:

https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/53387801/ConsoleApplication_v140.zip

#include "stdafx.h"

int main()
{
    return 0;
}

我可以在Visual Studio中构建它,但我在MSBuild中面临同样的问题:

c:\>"c:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin\MSBuild" "C:\temp\vs2015_simplest\C
onsoleApplication1\consoleApplication1.sln"
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 14.0.23107.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Building the projects in this solution one at a time. To enable parallel build,
please add the "/m" switch.
Build started 9/16/2015 10:16:20 AM.
Project "C:\temp\vs2015_simplest\ConsoleApplication1\consoleApplication1.sln" o
n node 1 (default targets).
ValidateSolutionConfiguration:
  Building solution configuration "Debug|x64".
Project "C:\temp\vs2015_simplest\ConsoleApplication1\consoleApplication1.sln" (
1) is building "C:\temp\vs2015_simplest\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1
\ConsoleApplication1.vcxproj" (2) on node 1 (default targets).
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\V120\Microsoft.Cpp.Platform.t
argets(64,5): error MSB8020: The build tools for v140 (Platform Toolset = 'v140
') cannot be found. To build using the v140 build tools, please install v140 bu
ild tools.  Alternatively, you may upgrade to the current Visual Studio tools b
y selecting the Project menu or right-click the solution, and then selecting "U
pgrade Solution...". [C:\temp\vs2015_simplest\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplic
ation1\ConsoleApplication1.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "C:\temp\vs2015_simplest\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleAppli
cation1\ConsoleApplication1.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Done Building Project "C:\temp\vs2015_simplest\ConsoleApplication1\consoleAppli
cation1.sln" (default targets) -- FAILED.


Build FAILED.

"C:\temp\vs2015_simplest\ConsoleApplication1\consoleApplication1.sln" (default
target) (1) ->
"C:\temp\vs2015_simplest\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplica
tion1.vcxproj" (default target) (2) ->
(PlatformPrepareForBuild target) ->
  C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\V120\Microsoft.Cpp.Platform
.targets(64,5): error MSB8020: The build tools for v140 (Platform Toolset = 'v1
40') cannot be found. To build using the v140 build tools, please install v140
build tools.  Alternatively, you may upgrade to the current Visual Studio tools
 by selecting the Project menu or right-click the solution, and then selecting
"Upgrade Solution...". [C:\temp\vs2015_simplest\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleAppl
ication1\ConsoleApplication1.vcxproj]

    0 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.14

c:\>

解决了:

环境变量VisualStudioVersion设置为12.0而不是14.0将值更改为14.0解决了问题.

简单的控制台应用程序在环境变量VisualStudioVersion更改后立即开始工作,并在Windows注销后登录.

更改环境变量VisualStudioVersion后仍无法构建原始项目.Visual Studio 2015中出现了一个重定目标解决方案上下文菜单.因此,我重新定位解决方案.重新定位后,仍无法编译解决方案(未找到v140).最后,我将平台工具集从v140(未安装)更改为Visual Studio 2015(v140).现在,解决方案也可以从Visual Studio和MSBuild编译.

Answer 1

您的问题是您将环境变量设置VisualStudioVersion为12.0.这告诉MSBuild使用Visual Studio 2013(V120)工具,它们不支持Visual Studio 2015(V140)构建工具.如果您取消设置此环境变量,或者将/p:VisualStudioVersion=14.0选项传递给MSBuild您的项目,则应该构建.(或者至少得到这个错误).

您可以在标题为Visual Studio项目兼容性和VisualStudioVersion的MSDN博客条目中找到有关VisualStudioVersion变量的更多信息.