MySQL中的增量备份

Question

可能重复:
在Mysql中进行增量备份的最佳方法是什么？

任何人都可以帮我在MySQL中进行增量备份吗？

Answer 1

查看MySQL :: MySQL 5.1参考手册:: 6.2数据库备份方法页面,阅读"通过启用二进制日志进行增量备份"部分.我们不能说清楚:)

如果网站出现故障:

通过启用二进制日志进行增量备份

MySQL支持增量备份:必须使用--log-bin选项启动服务器以启用二进制日志记录; 请参见第5.2.4节"二进制日志".二进制日志文件为您提供了在执行备份之后复制数据库所需的信息.目前,您希望进行增量备份(包含自上次完全备份或增量备份以来发生的所有更改),您应该使用FLUSH LOGS轮换二进制日志.完成此操作后,您需要将所有二进制日志复制到备份位置,这些日志的范围从上次完全备份或增量备份到最后一个备份之一.这些二进制日志是增量备份; 在恢复时,您按照第7.5节中的说明应用它们,"使用二进制日志进行时间点(增量)恢复".下次执行完整备份时,还应使用FLUSH LOGS,mysqldump --flush-logs或mysqlhotcopy --flushlog旋转二进制日志.请参见第4.5.4节"mysqldump - 数据库备份程序"和第4.6.9节"mysqlhotcopy - 数据库备份程序".

另一种选择是使用MySQLDump,并将新的dumpfile版本与旧版本相媲美,然后只存储差异.请参阅MySQLDump评论部分的实现示例.

对于后代,脚本包含在下面.

#!/bin/sh
# Incremental backup script using rdiff
# Author: Driantsov Alexander
# Requirements:
# * rdiff-backup - http://www.nongnu.org/rdiff-backup/
# * rsync
# * ssh ;)
####

BACKUP_ADMIN_EMAIL="yourmail@yourserver.com"
BACKUP_MAIL_SUBJECT="`hostname`: SQL Backup Synchronization Result"
BACKUP_LOG="/var/log/backup-sql"

BACKUP_PRIO="20" # Priority for the MySQL dump and rdiff-backup Min: 20 Max: -20
BACKUP_TMP_DIR="/var/backup/mysql_tmp" # New dumps will be stored here
BACKUP_DIFF_DIR="/var/backup/hosting/mysql" # Diffs of dumps will be stored there
SYNC_SRV="BAC.KUP.SER.VER" # Remote server for backup storage
SYNC_USER="backup_user" # User at remote storage
SYNC_SPEED="200" # Limit Synchronization Bandwidth to this number of KB/s
SYNC_DIR="/backup/hosting/mysql" #Directory on Remote server to synchronize backups in
MYSQL_USER="admin" # MySQL user
MYSQL_PASSWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` # Password for MySQL. You may obtain password from /etc/psa/.psa.shadow if you are using Plesk on your server.

#Implementaition
RSCONSTR="$SYNC_USER@$SYNC_SRV"
# Dump
echo "Backup Started at `date`" > $BACKUP_LOG
load_average=`uptime|awk {print $10" "$11" "$12}`
echo "Load overage at start: $load_average" >> $BACKUP_LOG
echo "\nBackingUP MySQL:" >> $BACKUP_LOG
for i in `mysql -u$MYSQL_USER -p$MYSQL_PASSWD -Bse "show databases"`; do echo "Backing up database $i..." >> $BACKUP_LOG ; nice -n $BACKUP_PRIO mysqldump --single-transaction --quick --skip-extended-insert -u$MYSQL_USER -p$MYSQL_PASSWD $i > $BACKUP_TMP_DIR/$i.dump; done

echo "MySQL dump completed at `date`" >> $BACKUP_LOG
load_average=`uptime|awk {print $10" "$11" "$12}`
echo "\nLoad overage after MySQL dumps: $load_average\n" >> $BACKUP_LOG
# Diff
echo "Looking for difference in database" >> $BACKUP_LOG
nice -n $BACKUP_PRIO rdiff-backup $BACKUP_TMP_DIR $BACKUP_DIFF_DIR/$HOSTNAME 2>&1 >> $BACKUP_LOG
echo "Done" >> $BACKUP_LOG

echo "Rdiff-backup completed at `date`" >> $BACKUP_LOG
load_average=`uptime|awk {print $10" "$11" "$12}`
echo "\nLoad overage after rdiff-backup: $load_average\n" >> $BACKUP_LOG

# Synchronize

sql_result=`rsync -avz --bwlimit $SYNC_SPEED $BACKUP_DIFF_DIR $RSCONSTR:$SYNC_DIR|tail -n 2`
free_space_info=`ssh $RSCONSTR df -h --sync -t ext3`

echo -en " MySQL backup synchronization:\n $sql_result \nSynchronization completed at `date` \n\nInformation on free space on remote backup server: \n $free_space_info \n\n Backup Log: \n\n`cat $BACKUP_LOG`"| mail -s "$BACKUP_MAIL_SUBJECT" $BACKUP_ADMIN_EMAIL