重建数据库中的所有索引

Question

我有一个非常大的SQL Server 2008 R2数据库(1.5TB),并将在同一个表中将一些数据从一列复制到另一列.我被告知架构有大量索引,并且想知道是否存在将重建所有索引的默认查询或脚本.还建议同时更新统计数据？

30个表中的每一个都有一个聚簇索引和13个非聚簇索引

谢谢.

Answer 1

请尝试以下脚本:

Exec sp_msforeachtable 'SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON; ALTER INDEX ALL ON ? REBUILD'
GO

也

我更喜欢(经过长时间的搜索)使用以下脚本,它包含@fillfactor确定每个叶级页面上的空间百分比填充数据.

DECLARE @TableName VARCHAR(255)
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(500)
DECLARE @fillfactor INT
SET @fillfactor = 80 
DECLARE TableCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME([object_id]))+'.' + QUOTENAME(name) AS TableName
FROM sys.tables
OPEN TableCursor
FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @TableName
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @sql = 'ALTER INDEX ALL ON ' + @TableName + ' REBUILD WITH (FILLFACTOR = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(3),@fillfactor) + ')'
EXEC (@sql)
FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @TableName
END
CLOSE TableCursor
DEALLOCATE TableCursor
GO

有关更多信息,请查看以下链接:

https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2009/01/30/sql-server-2008-2005-rebuild-every-index-of-all-tables-of-database-rebuild-index-with-fillfactor/

如果要检查数据库中索引的索引碎片,请尝试以下脚本:

SELECT dbschemas.[name] as 'Schema',
dbtables.[name] as 'Table',
dbindexes.[name] as 'Index',
indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,
indexstats.page_count
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS indexstats
INNER JOIN sys.tables dbtables on dbtables.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.schemas dbschemas on dbtables.[schema_id] = dbschemas.[schema_id]
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS dbindexes ON dbindexes.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
AND indexstats.index_id = dbindexes.index_id
WHERE indexstats.database_id = DB_ID() AND dbtables.[name] like '%%'
ORDER BY indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent desc

有关更多信息,请查看以下链接:

http://www.schneider-electric.com/en/faqs/FA234246/

Answer 2

这是要添加到列表中的另一个脚本。与其他方法的主要区别在于，如果碎片超过 30%，则应用一般推荐的重建阈值；如果碎片超过 5%，则应用重组阈值。如果什么都没有结束，那就什么也不会发生。这允许您根据需要经常运行此脚本：

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
SET ARITHABORT ON
SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
SET ANSI_WARNINGS ON

DECLARE @TableName varchar(255);
DECLARE @IndexName varchar(255);
DECLARE @Fragmentation FLOAT;
DECLARE @IndexScript varchar(255);

SELECT 
    dbtables.[name], 
    dbindexes.[name],
    indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,
    indexstats.page_count [pages]
FROM 
    sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS indexstats
    INNER JOIN sys.tables dbtables 
        on dbtables.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
    INNER JOIN sys.schemas dbschemas 
        on dbtables.[schema_id] = dbschemas.[schema_id]
    INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS dbindexes 
        ON dbindexes.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
        AND indexstats.index_id = dbindexes.index_id
WHERE 
    indexstats.database_id = DB_ID()
    AND indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= 5.0
    AND indexstats.page_count > 10
ORDER BY 
    indexstats.page_count ASC,
    indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent ASC

DECLARE TableCursor CURSOR FOR  
    SELECT 
        dbtables.[name], 
        dbindexes.[name],
        indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent 
    FROM 
        sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS indexstats
        INNER JOIN sys.tables dbtables 
            on dbtables.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
        INNER JOIN sys.schemas dbschemas 
            on dbtables.[schema_id] = dbschemas.[schema_id]
        INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS dbindexes 
            ON dbindexes.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
            AND indexstats.index_id = dbindexes.index_id
    WHERE 
        indexstats.database_id = DB_ID()
        AND indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= 5.0
        AND indexstats.page_count > 10
    ORDER BY 
        indexstats.page_count ASC,
        indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent ASC;

OPEN TableCursor

FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO
    @TableName,
    @IndexName,
    @Fragmentation
 
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 
 
BEGIN 
    IF (@Fragmentation >= 30.0)
        SET @IndexScript = 'ALTER INDEX ' + @IndexName + ' ON ' + @TableName + ' REBUILD';
    ELSE IF (@Fragmentation >= 5.0)
        SET @IndexScript = 'ALTER INDEX ' + @IndexName + ' ON ' + @TableName + ' REORGANIZE';
    ELSE
        SET @IndexScript = NULL;

    IF (@IndexScript IS NOT NULL)
    BEGIN
        RAISERROR (@IndexScript, 10, 0) WITH NOWAIT
        WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:01';
        EXEC(@IndexScript); 
    END

    FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO
        @TableName,
        @IndexName,
        @Fragmentation;
 
END 
 
CLOSE TableCursor;
 
DEALLOCATE TableCursor;

我已经使用这个好几年了。该脚本将输出一个表和消息，这意味着如果您觉得它花费了太长时间，您可以半实时地看到它在做什么（如果您在 SQL Management Studio 中运行它）。

Answer 3

替换下面查询中的“您的数据库名称”。

    DECLARE @Database NVARCHAR(255)   
    DECLARE @Table NVARCHAR(255)  
    DECLARE @cmd NVARCHAR(1000)  

    DECLARE DatabaseCursor CURSOR READ_ONLY FOR  
    SELECT name FROM master.sys.databases   
    WHERE name IN ('YOUR DATABASE NAME')  -- databases
    AND state = 0 -- database is online
    AND is_in_standby = 0 -- database is not read only for log shipping
    ORDER BY 1  

    OPEN DatabaseCursor  

    FETCH NEXT FROM DatabaseCursor INTO @Database  
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0  
    BEGIN  

       SET @cmd = 'DECLARE TableCursor CURSOR READ_ONLY FOR SELECT ''['' + table_catalog + ''].['' + table_schema + ''].['' +  
       table_name + '']'' as tableName FROM [' + @Database + '].INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE table_type = ''BASE TABLE'''   

       -- create table cursor  
       EXEC (@cmd)  
       OPEN TableCursor   

       FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @Table   
       WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0   
       BEGIN
          BEGIN TRY   
             SET @cmd = 'ALTER INDEX ALL ON ' + @Table + ' REBUILD' 
             PRINT @cmd -- uncomment if you want to see commands
             EXEC (@cmd) 
          END TRY
          BEGIN CATCH
             PRINT '---'
             PRINT @cmd
             PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE() 
             PRINT '---'
          END CATCH

          FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @Table   
       END   

       CLOSE TableCursor   
       DEALLOCATE TableCursor  

       FETCH NEXT FROM DatabaseCursor INTO @Database  
    END  
    CLOSE DatabaseCursor   
    DEALLOCATE DatabaseCursor

Answer 4

也是一个很好的脚本，虽然我的笔记本电脑内存不足，但这是在一个非常大的桌子上

https://basitaalishan.com/2014/02/23/rebuild-all-indexes-on-all-tables-in-the-sql-server-database/

USE [<mydatabasename>]
Go

--/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
--Arguments             Data Type               Description
--------------          ------------            ------------
--@FillFactor           [int]                   Specifies a percentage that indicates how full the Database Engine should make the leaf level
--                                              of each index page during index creation or alteration. The valid inputs for this parameter
--                                              must be an integer value from 1 to 100 The default is 0.
--                                              For more information, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms177459.aspx.

--@PadIndex             [varchar](3)            Specifies index padding. The PAD_INDEX option is useful only when FILLFACTOR is specified,
--                                              because PAD_INDEX uses the percentage specified by FILLFACTOR. If the percentage specified
--                                              for FILLFACTOR is not large enough to allow for one row, the Database Engine internally
--                                              overrides the percentage to allow for the minimum. The number of rows on an intermediate
--                                              index page is never less than two, regardless of how low the value of fillfactor. The valid
--                                              inputs for this parameter are ON or OFF. The default is OFF.
--                                              For more information, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188783.aspx.

--@SortInTempDB         [varchar](3)            Specifies whether to store temporary sort results in tempdb. The valid inputs for this
--                                              parameter are ON or OFF. The default is OFF.
--                                              For more information, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188281.aspx.

--@OnlineRebuild        [varchar](3)            Specifies whether underlying tables and associated indexes are available for queries and data
--                                              modification during the index operation. The valid inputs for this parameter are ON or OFF.
--                                              The default is OFF.
--                                              Note: Online index operations are only available in Enterprise edition of Microsoft
--                                                      SQL Server 2005 and above.
--                                              For more information, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191261.aspx.

--@DataCompression      [varchar](4)            Specifies the data compression option for the specified index, partition number, or range of
--                                              partitions. The options  for this parameter are as follows:
--                                                  > NONE - Index or specified partitions are not compressed.
--                                                  > ROW  - Index or specified partitions are compressed by using row compression.
--                                                  > PAGE - Index or specified partitions are compressed by using page compression.
--                                              The default is NONE.
--                                              Note: Data compression feature is only available in Enterprise edition of Microsoft
--                                                      SQL Server 2005 and above.
--                                              For more information about compression, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc280449.aspx.

--@MaxDOP               [int]                   Overrides the max degree of parallelism configuration option for the duration of the index
--                                              operation. The valid input for this parameter can be between 0 and 64, but should not exceed
--                                              number of processors available to SQL Server.
--                                              For more information, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189094.aspx.
--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -*/

-- Ensure a USE <databasename> statement has been executed first.

SET NOCOUNT ON;

DECLARE  @Version                           [numeric] (18, 10)
        ,@SQLStatementID                    [int]
        ,@CurrentTSQLToExecute              [nvarchar](max)
        ,@FillFactor                        [int]        = 100 -- Change if needed
        ,@PadIndex                          [varchar](3) = N'OFF' -- Change if needed
        ,@SortInTempDB                      [varchar](3) = N'OFF' -- Change if needed
        ,@OnlineRebuild                     [varchar](3) = N'OFF' -- Change if needed
        ,@LOBCompaction                     [varchar](3) = N'ON' -- Change if needed
        ,@DataCompression                   [varchar](4) = N'NONE' -- Change if needed
        ,@MaxDOP                            [int]        = NULL -- Change if needed
        ,@IncludeDataCompressionArgument    [char](1);

IF OBJECT_ID(N'TempDb.dbo.#Work_To_Do') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #Work_To_Do
CREATE TABLE #Work_To_Do
    (
      [sql_id] [int] IDENTITY(1, 1)
                     PRIMARY KEY ,
      [tsql_text] [varchar](1024) ,
      [completed] [bit]
    )

SET @Version = CAST(LEFT(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(N'ProductVersion') AS [nvarchar](128)), CHARINDEX('.', CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(N'ProductVersion') AS [nvarchar](128))) - 1) + N'.' + REPLACE(RIGHT(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(N'ProductVersion') AS [nvarchar](128)), LEN(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(N'ProductVersion') AS [nvarchar](128))) - CHARINDEX('.', CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(N'ProductVersion') AS [nvarchar](128)))), N'.', N'') AS [numeric](18, 10))

IF @DataCompression IN (N'PAGE', N'ROW', N'NONE')
    AND (
        @Version >= 10.0
        AND SERVERPROPERTY(N'EngineEdition') = 3
        )
BEGIN
    SET @IncludeDataCompressionArgument = N'Y'
END

IF @IncludeDataCompressionArgument IS NULL
BEGIN
    SET @IncludeDataCompressionArgument = N'N'
END

INSERT INTO #Work_To_Do ([tsql_text], [completed])
SELECT 'ALTER INDEX [' + i.[name] + '] ON' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(t2.[TABLE_CATALOG]) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t2.[TABLE_SCHEMA]) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t2.[TABLE_NAME]) + SPACE(1) + 'REBUILD WITH (' + SPACE(1) + + CASE
        WHEN @PadIndex IS NULL
            THEN 'PAD_INDEX =' + SPACE(1) + CASE i.[is_padded]
                    WHEN 1
                        THEN 'ON'
                    WHEN 0
                        THEN 'OFF'
                    END
        ELSE 'PAD_INDEX =' + SPACE(1) + @PadIndex
        END + CASE
        WHEN @FillFactor IS NULL
            THEN ', FILLFACTOR =' + SPACE(1) + CONVERT([varchar](3), REPLACE(i.[fill_factor], 0, 100))
        ELSE ', FILLFACTOR =' + SPACE(1) + CONVERT([varchar](3), @FillFactor)
        END + CASE
        WHEN @SortInTempDB IS NULL
            THEN ''
        ELSE ', SORT_IN_TEMPDB =' + SPACE(1) + @SortInTempDB
        END + CASE
        WHEN @OnlineRebuild IS NULL
            THEN ''
        ELSE ', ONLINE =' + SPACE(1) + @OnlineRebuild
        END + ', STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE =' + SPACE(1) + CASE st.[no_recompute]
        WHEN 0
            THEN 'OFF'
        WHEN 1
            THEN 'ON'
        END + ', ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS =' + SPACE(1) + CASE i.[allow_row_locks]
        WHEN 0
            THEN 'OFF'
        WHEN 1
            THEN 'ON'
        END + ', ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS =' + SPACE(1) + CASE i.[allow_page_locks]
        WHEN 0
            THEN 'OFF'
        WHEN 1
            THEN 'ON'
        END + CASE
        WHEN @IncludeDataCompressionArgument = N'Y'
            THEN CASE
                    WHEN @DataCompression IS NULL
                        THEN ''
                    ELSE ', DATA_COMPRESSION =' + SPACE(1) + @DataCompression
                    END
        ELSE ''
        END + CASE
        WHEN @MaxDop IS NULL
            THEN ''
        ELSE ', MAXDOP =' + SPACE(1) + CONVERT([varchar](2), @MaxDOP)
        END + SPACE(1) + ')'
    ,0
FROM [sys].[tables] t1
INNER JOIN [sys].[indexes] i ON t1.[object_id] = i.[object_id]
    AND i.[index_id] > 0
    AND i.[type] IN (1, 2)
INNER JOIN [INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[TABLES] t2 ON t1.[name] = t2.[TABLE_NAME]
    AND t2.[TABLE_TYPE] = 'BASE TABLE'
INNER JOIN [sys].[stats] AS st WITH (NOLOCK) ON st.[object_id] = t1.[object_id]
    AND st.[name] = i.[name]

SELECT @SQLStatementID = MIN([sql_id])
FROM #Work_To_Do
WHERE [completed] = 0

WHILE @SQLStatementID IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
    SELECT @CurrentTSQLToExecute = [tsql_text]
    FROM #Work_To_Do
    WHERE [sql_id] = @SQLStatementID

    PRINT @CurrentTSQLToExecute

    EXEC [sys].[sp_executesql] @CurrentTSQLToExecute

    UPDATE #Work_To_Do
    SET [completed] = 1
    WHERE [sql_id] = @SQLStatementID

    SELECT @SQLStatementID = MIN([sql_id])
    FROM #Work_To_Do
    WHERE [completed] = 0
END