MAC OS:尽管有正确的rpath,但找不到动态链接的库

Question

我有一个(相对)大项目C++,可以在ubuntu上编译和运行(使用cmake/catkin).它在mac os上编译很好,但在尝试启动可执行文件时,我收到错误消息:

dyld: Library not loaded: <name of library>.dylib
  Referenced from:
  <path to executable>/<executable>
Reason: image not found

运行命令时:

otool -l <executable> | grep LC_RPATH -A2

我得到输出:

      cmd LC_RPATH
  cmdsize 64
     path <correct absolute path to folder containing library> (offset 12)

      cmd LC_RPATH
  cmdsize 24
     path /sw/lib (offset 12)

      cmd LC_RPATH
  cmdsize 32
     path /usr/X11/lib (offset 12)

      cmd LC_RPATH
  cmdsize 32
     path /opt/local/lib (offset 12)

      cmd LC_RPATH
  cmdsize 32
     path /opt/X11/lib (offset 12)

我不清楚为什么找不到图书馆.运行:

otool -L <executable>

打印:

<executable name>:
    <library name>.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libedit.3.dylib (compatibility version 2.0.0, current version 3.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libncurses.5.4.dylib (compatibility version 5.4.0, current version 5.4.0)
    /opt/X11/lib/libglut.3.dylib (compatibility version 13.0.0, current version 13.0.0)
    /opt/X11/lib/libGL.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.2.0, current version 1.2.0)
    /opt/X11/lib/libGLU.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.3.0, current version 1.3.0)
    /opt/X11/lib/libX11.6.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1213.0.0)

这似乎证实它没有得到正确的道路.

我错过了什么？

PS:

不确定它是否相关,这里是我使用的cmake命令:(从这里)

# use, i.e. don't skip the full RPATH for the build tree
SET(CMAKE_SKIP_BUILD_RPATH  FALSE)

# when building, don't use the install RPATH already
# (but later on when installing)
SET(CMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH FALSE)

SET(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/${MACHTYPE}")

# add the automatically determined parts of the RPATH
# which point to directories outside the build tree to the install RPATH
SET(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE)

# the RPATH to be used when installing, but only if it's not a system directory
LIST(FIND CMAKE_PLATFORM_IMPLICIT_LINK_DIRECTORIES "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/${MACHTYPE}" isSystemDir)
IF("${isSystemDir}" STREQUAL "-1")
    SET(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/${MACHTYPE}")
ENDIF("${isSystemDir}" STREQUAL "-1")

Answer 1

答案来自这里的评论

我需要使用@rpath

实际上Mac OS X确实有rpath的概念。在 10.4 之前，只有 @executable_path 指向可执行二进制文件的位置（而不是它加载的任何 dylib）。@loader_path 是在 10.4 中引入的，它允许 dylibs 根据其位置加载依赖项（而不是根据可执行文件的位置 - 谁知道什么在使用该库）。

苹果在 10.5 中引入了 @rpath，它被烘焙到加载二进制文件 - 可执行文件或库中。因此，您可能会看到 @rpath/Library/Frameworks/blah.dylib，而不是看到： @loader_path/../../Library/Frameworks/blah.dylib

这意味着如果 rpath 设置为 . 和 / 它会查看 ./Library/Frameworks/blah.dylib ，然后查看 /Library/Frameworks/blah.dylib 来查找任何库。