Swift Dictionary的默认值

Question

我已经习惯使用Python的默认模式的模式是一个字典,如果没有明确设置给定键的值,则返回默认值.试图在Swift中这样做有点冗长.

var dict = Dictionary<String, Array<Int>>()
let key = "foo"
var value: Array<Int>! = dict[key]
if value == nil {
    value = Array<Int>()
    dict[key] = value
}

我意识到我可以创建一个这样做的类,但是实际的Dictionary必须通过属性访问才能使用任何其他正常的Dictionary方法

class DefaultDictionary<A: Hashable, B> {
    let defaultFunc: () -> B
    var dict = Dictionary<A, B>()

    init(defaultFunc: () -> B) {
        self.defaultFunc = defaultFunc
    }
    subscript(key: A) -> B {
        get {
            var value: B! = dict[key]
            if value == nil {
                value = defaultFunc()
                dict[key] = value
            }
            return value
        }
        set {
            dict[key] = newValue
        }
    }
}

这有更好的模式吗？

Answer 1

这在Swift 4中发生了变化,现在有一种方法可以读取键值或者如果键不存在则提供默认值.例如:

let person = ["name": "Taylor", "city": "Nashville"]
let name = person["name", default: "Anonymous"]

这在修改字典值时特别有用,因为您可以编写如下代码:

var favoriteTVShows = ["Red Dwarf", "Blackadder", "Fawlty Towers", "Red Dwarf"]
var favoriteCounts = [String: Int]()

for show in favoriteTVShows {
    favoriteCounts[show, default: 0] += 1
}

我在文章中介绍了Swift 4中的新功能.

Answer 2

使用Swift 2可以实现类似于python版本的扩展Dictionary:

// Values which can provide a default instance
protocol Initializable {
    init()
}

extension Dictionary where Value: Initializable {
    // using key as external name to make it unambiguous from the standard subscript
    subscript(key key: Key) -> Value {
        mutating get { return self[key, or: Value()] }
        set { self[key] = newValue }
    }
}

// this can also be used in Swift 1.x
extension Dictionary {
    subscript(key: Key, or def: Value) -> Value {
        mutating get {
            return self[key] ?? {
                // assign default value if self[key] is nil
                self[key] = def
                return def
            }()
        }
        set { self[key] = newValue }
    }
}

??用于类之后的闭包,因为它们不传播它们的值变异(仅"指针变异";引用类型).

字典必须是mutable(var)才能使用这些下标:

// Make Int Initializable. Int() == 0
extension Int: Initializable {}

var dict = [Int: Int]()
dict[1, or: 0]++
dict[key: 2]++

// if Value is not Initializable
var dict = [Int: Double]()
dict[1, or: 0.0]