如何在Swift中使用NSURLSession downloadTask顺序下载多个文件

Question

我有一个必须下载多个大文件的应用程序.我希望它按顺序逐个下载每个文件而不是同时下载.当它同时运行时,应用程序会过载并崩溃.

所以.我试图将downloadTaskWithURL包装在NSBlockOperation中,然后在队列上设置maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1.我在下面编写了这段代码,但由于两个文件同时下载,因此无法正常工作.

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController, NSURLSessionDelegate, NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
        processURLs()        
    }

    func download(url: NSURL){
        let sessionConfiguration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
        let session = NSURLSession(configuration: sessionConfiguration, delegate: self, delegateQueue: nil)
        let downloadTask = session.downloadTaskWithURL(url)
        downloadTask.resume()
    }

    func processURLs(){

        //setup queue and set max conncurrent to 1
        var queue = NSOperationQueue()
        queue.name = "Download queue"
        queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1

        let url = NSURL(string: "http://azspeastus.blob.core.windows.net/azurespeed/100MB.bin?sv=2014-02-14&sr=b&sig=%2FZNzdvvzwYO%2BQUbrLBQTalz%2F8zByvrUWD%2BDfLmkpZuQ%3D&se=2015-09-01T01%3A48%3A51Z&sp=r")
        let url2 = NSURL(string: "http://azspwestus.blob.core.windows.net/azurespeed/100MB.bin?sv=2014-02-14&sr=b&sig=ufnzd4x9h1FKmLsODfnbiszXd4EyMDUJgWhj48QfQ9A%3D&se=2015-09-01T01%3A48%3A51Z&sp=r")

        let urls = [url, url2]
        for url in urls {
            let operation = NSBlockOperation { () -> Void in
                println("starting download")
                self.download(url!)
            }

            queue.addOperation(operation)            
        }
    }
    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }

    func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask, didFinishDownloadingToURL location: NSURL) {
        //code
    }

    func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask, didResumeAtOffset fileOffset: Int64, expectedTotalBytes: Int64) {
        //
    }

    func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, downloadTask: NSURLSessionDownloadTask, didWriteData bytesWritten: Int64, totalBytesWritten: Int64, totalBytesExpectedToWrite: Int64) {
        var progress = Double(totalBytesWritten) / Double(totalBytesExpectedToWrite)
        println(progress)
    }

}

如何正确编写以实现我的目标,一次只下载一个文件.

Answer 1

您的代码将无法URLSessionDownloadTask运行,因为异步运行.因此,在BlockOperation完成下载之前完成,因此当操作顺序启动时,下载任务将异步并行地继续.

要解决此问题,您可以将请求包装在异步Operation子类中.有关详细信息,请参阅" 并发编程指南"中的"为并发执行配置操作".

但在我说明如何在您的情况下执行此操作(基于委托URLSession)之前,让我首先向您展示使用完成处理程序再现时更简单的解决方案.我们稍后会针对您更复杂的问题进行构建.所以,在Swift 3及更高版本中:

class DownloadOperation : AsynchronousOperation {
    var task: URLSessionTask!

    init(session: URLSession, url: URL) {
        super.init()

        task = session.downloadTask(with: url) { temporaryURL, response, error in
            defer { self.finish() }

            guard let temporaryURL = temporaryURL, error == nil else {
                print(error ?? "Unknown error")
                return
            }

            do {
                let manager = FileManager.default
                let destinationURL = try manager.url(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: false)
                    .appendingPathComponent(url.lastPathComponent)
                try? manager.removeItem(at: destinationURL)                   // remove the old one, if any
                try manager.moveItem(at: temporaryURL, to: destinationURL)    // move new one there
            } catch let moveError {
                print("\(moveError)")
            }
        }
    }

    override func cancel() {
        task.cancel()
        super.cancel()
    }

    override func main() {
        task.resume()
    }

}

哪里

/// Asynchronous operation base class
///
/// This is abstract to class performs all of the necessary KVN of `isFinished` and
/// `isExecuting` for a concurrent `Operation` subclass. You can subclass this and
/// implement asynchronous operations. All you must do is:
///
/// - override `main()` with the tasks that initiate the asynchronous task;
///
/// - call `completeOperation()` function when the asynchronous task is done;
///
/// - optionally, periodically check `self.cancelled` status, performing any clean-up
///   necessary and then ensuring that `finish()` is called; or
///   override `cancel` method, calling `super.cancel()` and then cleaning-up
///   and ensuring `finish()` is called.

class AsynchronousOperation: Operation {

    /// State for this operation.

    @objc private enum OperationState: Int {
        case ready
        case executing
        case finished
    }

    /// Concurrent queue for synchronizing access to `state`.

    private let stateQueue = DispatchQueue(label: Bundle.main.bundleIdentifier! + ".rw.state", attributes: .concurrent)

    /// Private backing stored property for `state`.

    private var rawState: OperationState = .ready

    /// The state of the operation

    @objc private dynamic var state: OperationState {
        get { return stateQueue.sync { rawState } }
        set { stateQueue.sync(flags: .barrier) { rawState = newValue } }
    }

    // MARK: - Various `Operation` properties

    open         override var isReady:        Bool { return state == .ready && super.isReady }
    public final override var isExecuting:    Bool { return state == .executing }
    public final override var isFinished:     Bool { return state == .finished }

    // KVN for dependent properties

    open override class func keyPathsForValuesAffectingValue(forKey key: String) -> Set<String> {
        if ["isReady", "isFinished", "isExecuting"].contains(key) {
            return [#keyPath(state)]
        }

        return super.keyPathsForValuesAffectingValue(forKey: key)
    }

    // Start

    public final override func start() {
        if isCancelled {
            finish()
            return
        }

        state = .executing

        main()
    }

    /// Subclasses must implement this to perform their work and they must not call `super`. The default implementation of this function throws an exception.

    open override func main() {
        fatalError("Subclasses must implement `main`.")
    }

    /// Call this function to finish an operation that is currently executing

    public final func finish() {
        if !isFinished { state = .finished }
    }
}

然后你可以这样做:

for url in urls {
    queue.addOperation(DownloadOperation(session: session, url: url))
}

这是在异步/ 子类中包装异步URLSession/ NSURLSession请求的一种非常简单的方法.更一般地说,这是一个有用的模式,用于在/ 对象中包装一些异步任务.OperationNSOperationAsynchronousOperationOperationNSOperation

不幸的是,在您的问题中,您希望使用基于委托的URLSession/,NSURLSession因此您可以监视下载的进度.这更复杂.

这是因为NSURLSession在会话对象的委托中调用了"任务完成" 委托方法.这是一个令人愤怒的设计特征NSURLSession(但是苹果公​​司这样做是为了简化背景会话,这在这里并不重要,但我们仍然坚持设计限制).

但是,随着任务的完成,我们必须异步完成操作.因此,我们需要一些方法让会话在didCompleteWithError调用时通过操作来完成.现在你可以让每个操作都有自己的NSURLSession对象,但事实证明这是非常低效的.

因此,为了处理这个问题,我维护了一个字典,由任务键控taskIdentifier,用于标识适当的操作.这样,当下载完成时,您可以"完成"正确的异步操作.从而:

/// Manager of asynchronous download `Operation` objects

class DownloadManager: NSObject {

    /// Dictionary of operations, keyed by the `taskIdentifier` of the `URLSessionTask`

    fileprivate var operations = [Int: DownloadOperation]()

    /// Serial OperationQueue for downloads

    private let queue: OperationQueue = {
        let _queue = OperationQueue()
        _queue.name = "download"
        _queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1    // I'd usually use values like 3 or 4 for performance reasons, but OP asked about downloading one at a time

        return _queue
    }()

    /// Delegate-based `URLSession` for DownloadManager

    lazy var session: URLSession = {
        let configuration = URLSessionConfiguration.default
        return URLSession(configuration: configuration, delegate: self, delegateQueue: nil)
    }()

    /// Add download
    ///
    /// - parameter URL:  The URL of the file to be downloaded
    ///
    /// - returns:        The DownloadOperation of the operation that was queued

    @discardableResult
    func queueDownload(_ url: URL) -> DownloadOperation {
        let operation = DownloadOperation(session: session, url: url)
        operations[operation.task.taskIdentifier] = operation
        queue.addOperation(operation)
        return operation
    }

    /// Cancel all queued operations

    func cancelAll() {
        queue.cancelAllOperations()
    }

}

// MARK: URLSessionDownloadDelegate methods

extension DownloadManager: URLSessionDownloadDelegate {

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask, didFinishDownloadingTo location: URL) {
        operations[downloadTask.taskIdentifier]?.urlSession(session, downloadTask: downloadTask, didFinishDownloadingTo: location)
    }

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask, didWriteData bytesWritten: Int64, totalBytesWritten: Int64, totalBytesExpectedToWrite: Int64) {
        operations[downloadTask.taskIdentifier]?.urlSession(session, downloadTask: downloadTask, didWriteData: bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten: totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite: totalBytesExpectedToWrite)
    }
}

// MARK: URLSessionTaskDelegate methods

extension DownloadManager: URLSessionTaskDelegate {

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, task: URLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: Error?)  {
        let key = task.taskIdentifier
        operations[key]?.urlSession(session, task: task, didCompleteWithError: error)
        operations.removeValue(forKey: key)
    }

}

/// Asynchronous Operation subclass for downloading

class DownloadOperation : AsynchronousOperation {
    let task: URLSessionTask

    init(session: URLSession, url: URL) {
        task = session.downloadTask(with: url)
        super.init()
    }

    override func cancel() {
        task.cancel()
        super.cancel()
    }

    override func main() {
        task.resume()
    }
}

// MARK: NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate methods

extension DownloadOperation: URLSessionDownloadDelegate {

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask, didFinishDownloadingTo location: URL) {
        do {
            let manager = FileManager.default
            let destinationURL = try manager.url(for: .applicationSupportDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: true)
                .appendingPathComponent(downloadTask.originalRequest!.url!.lastPathComponent)
            try? manager.removeItem(at: destinationURL)
            try manager.moveItem(at: location, to: destinationURL)
        } catch {
            print(error)
        }
    }

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask, didWriteData bytesWritten: Int64, totalBytesWritten: Int64, totalBytesExpectedToWrite: Int64) {
        let progress = Double(totalBytesWritten) / Double(totalBytesExpectedToWrite)
        print("\(downloadTask.originalRequest!.url!.absoluteString) \(progress)")
    }
}

// MARK: URLSessionTaskDelegate methods

extension DownloadOperation: URLSessionTaskDelegate {

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, task: URLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: Error?)  {
        defer { finish() }

        if let error = error {
            print(error)
            return
        }

        // do whatever you want upon success
    }

}

然后像这样使用它:

let downloadManager = DownloadManager()

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()

    let urlStrings = [
        "http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo17/hires/s72-55482.jpg",
        "http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo10/hires/as10-34-5162.jpg",
        "http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo-soyuz/apollo-soyuz/hires/s75-33375.jpg",
        "http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo17/hires/as17-134-20380.jpg",
        "http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo17/hires/as17-140-21497.jpg",
        "http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo17/hires/as17-148-22727.jpg"
    ]
    let urls = urlStrings.compactMap { URL(string: $0) }

    let completion = BlockOperation {
        print("all done")
    }

    for url in urls {
        let operation = downloadManager.queueDownload(url)
        completion.addDependency(operation)
    }

    OperationQueue.main.addOperation(completion)
}

请参阅Swift 2实现的修订历史记录.