Fer*_*dox 5 python dictionary key python-3.4
假设我有d = {'dogs': 3}.使用:
d['cats'] = 2
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会创建密钥'cats'并赋予它价值2.
如果我真的打算用新的键和值来更新dict,我会使用d.update(cats=2)它,因为它感觉更明确.
自动创建密钥会感觉容易出错(特别是在较大的程序中),例如:
# I decide to make a change to my dict.
d = {'puppies': 4, 'big_dogs': 2}
# Lots and lots of code.
# ....
def change_my_dogs_to_maximum_room_capacity():
# But I forgot to change this as well and there is no error to inform me.
# Instead a bug was created.
d['dogs'] = 1
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问题:
有没有办法禁用自动创建不存在的密钥,d[key] = value而是提出一个KeyError?
其他一切应该继续工作:
d = new_dict() # Works
d = new_dict(hi=1) # Works
d.update(c=5, x=2) # Works
d.setdefault('9', 'something') # Works
d['a_new_key'] = 1 # Raises KeyError
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您可以dict使用特殊__setitem__方法创建的子项,该方法拒绝最初创建键时不存在的键:
class StrictDict(dict):
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if key not in self:
raise KeyError("{} is not a legal key of this StricDict".format(repr(key)))
dict.__setitem__(self, key, value)
x = StrictDict({'puppies': 4, 'big_dogs': 2})
x["puppies"] = 23 #this works
x["dogs"] = 42 #this raises an exception
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它不是完全防弹的(x.update({"cats": 99})例如,可以毫无怨言地允许),但是它可以防止最可能的情况发生。