Android Espresso:无法解析符号AndroidJUnit4.class

Question

我正在尝试在新的Android项目中创建Espresso UI测试,但我遇到了以下问题.

如果我尝试创建一个空的测试类:

import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;


@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class LoginActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<LoginActivity> {

}

我总是收到此错误消息:

cannot resolve symbol AndroidJUnit4.class

几乎所有导入的库都标记为未使用.

build.gradle文件包含以下内容:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 23
    buildToolsVersion "23.0.0"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.some.thing.xxx"
        minSdkVersion 14
        targetSdkVersion 23
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    lintOptions {
        abortOnError false
    }
    packagingOptions {
        exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
    }
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    maven { url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/" }
    maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.0.0'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:7.8.0'
    compile 'com.mcxiaoke.volley:library:1.0.18'
    compile 'com.orhanobut:logger:1.11'
    // App dependencies
    compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.0'
    // TESTING DEPENDENCIES
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'
    // Set this dependency to use JUnit 4 rules
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.3'
    // Set this dependency to build and run Espresso tests
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2'
    // add this for intent mocking support
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:2.2'
    // add this for webview testing support
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2'
    // Set this dependency to build and run UI Automator tests
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2'
}

如果我把这些设置放在我的其他测试项目上就行了,所以我不知道什么是错的？

我按照本教程:"

http://www.vogella.com/tutorials/AndroidTestingEspresso/article.html

并且我试图通过以下问题来解决它: 无法解析符号'AndroidJUnit4'

但没有运气.

非常感谢任何建议.

Answer 1

我也尝试过来自vogella的相同教程,并遇到了很多问题.我遇到的第一个问题之一是v23库的注释版本和Espresso库之间的依赖冲突.

然后我找到了另一个最近更新的教程,来自Roger Hu" UI Testting with Espresso ".我注意到Espresso尚未支持Marshmallow.

依赖关系添加如下:

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2') {
    // Necessary if your app targets Marshmallow (since Espresso
    // hasn't moved to Marshmallow yet)
    exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
}
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:runner:0.3') {
    // Necessary if your app targets Marshmallow (since the test runner
    // hasn't moved to Marshmallow yet)
    exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
}

这解决了我的依赖冲突,我没有看到任何其他问题发生.

Answer 2

我通过手动导入以下内容解决了这个问题,我认为它应该自动导入,但它没有:

import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;

Answer 3

我用改变常数来解决它

minSdkVersion 

到build.gradle文件中的版本18 .

以下gradle.file工作正常:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 23
    buildToolsVersion "23.0.0"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.something.xxx"
        minSdkVersion 18
        targetSdkVersion 23
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    lintOptions {
        abortOnError false
    }
    packagingOptions {
        exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
    }
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    maven { url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/" }
    maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.0.0'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:7.8.0'
    compile 'com.mcxiaoke.volley:library:1.0.18'
    compile 'com.orhanobut:logger:1.11'

    // TESTING DEPENDENCIES
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.0'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'
    // Set this dependency to use JUnit 4 rules
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.3'
    // Set this dependency to build and run Espresso tests
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2'
    // add this for intent mocking support
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:2.2'
    // add this for webview testing support
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2'
    // Set this dependency to build and run UI Automator tests
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2'
}

Answer 4

根据上述gradle变化给出:

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'

你需要换到

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:runner:0.3') {
    exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
}

对我而言,即使有上述变化也无法正常工作,所以我注意到的是我错过了以下内容:

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1'

它对我来说很好.

完整的build.gradle可以在下面找到:

    apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

    android {
    compileSdkVersion 23
    buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"

    lintOptions {
        // IMPORTANT: We are disabling this rule to avoid build errors on PrettyTime. Although
        //pretty time references an InvalidPackage it does not do it in the code sections we use
        //given how easy this library is to use I would prefer not to replace it with something
        //like Joda-Time which is overkill for such a small section of the app.
        disable 'InvalidPackage'
    }

    packagingOptions {
        exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
    }

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "co.test.dialer"
        minSdkVersion 18
        targetSdkVersion 22
        versionCode 15
        versionName "0.6.15."
        renderscriptTargetApi 22
        renderscriptSupportModeEnabled true
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    signingConfigs {
        production {
            storeFile file("keystore.jks")
            storePassword "hello"
            keyAlias "production"
            keyPassword "android"
        }

        debug {
            storeFile file("keystore.jks")
            storePassword "hello"
            keyAlias "debug"
            keyPassword "android"
        }

    }

    buildTypes {

        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            signingConfig signingConfigs.production
        }

        debug {
            minifyEnabled false
            debuggable true
            applicationIdSuffix ".debug"
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }

        internal_test {
            minifyEnabled false
            debuggable true
            applicationIdSuffix ".test"
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }
}

    dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])

    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.0.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:support-v13:23.0.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:23.0.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:design:23.0.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.0.1'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:8.1.0'
    compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:6.1.0'
    compile 'com.afollestad:material-dialogs:0.7.8.0'
    compile 'com.googlecode.libphonenumber:libphonenumber:3.1'
    compile 'com.mcxiaoke.volley:library:1.0.15'
    compile 'squizbit.com.jsonobjectified:jetjson:1.0.3@aar'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:8.1.0'

    releaseCompile 'co.test.dialersdk:dialersdk:1.0.8@aar';
    debugCompile 'co.test.dialersdk:dialersdk-debug:1.0.8@aar';    
    internal_testCompile 'co.test.dialersdk:dialersdk-internal_test:1.0.8@aar';

    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:runner:0.3') {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    }
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:rules:0.3') {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    }
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2') {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    }
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:2.2') {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    }
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2') {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'appcompat'
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
        exclude module: 'recyclerview-v7'
    }
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2') {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    }

    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1'


}

希望这肯定会帮助某人,因为即使在完成了vogella教程的完整步骤之后,我已经努力了半天才能修复它.

Answer 5

收到该错误消息的原因可能是因为测试所在的文件夹不符合规范。该文件夹必须是src / androidTest / java。

看一下这篇文章说...

运行仪器化的单元测试要运行仪器化的测试，请按照下列步骤操作：

通过单击工具栏中的“同步项目”，确保您的项目与Gradle同步。通过以下方式之一运行测试：要运行单个测试，请打开“项目”窗口，然后右键单击测试，然后单击“运行”。要测试类中的所有方法，请右键单击测试文件中的类或方法，然后单击运行。要在目录中运行所有测试，请右键单击该目录，然后选择“运行测试”。Android Gradle插件会编译位于默认目录（src / androidTest / java /）中的已检测测试代码，构建测试APK和正式版APK，将两个APK安装在所连接的设备或仿真器上，然后运行测试。然后，Android Studio在“运行”窗口中显示已执行测试的结果。

因此，对于仪器测试人员，文件夹必须为（不要忘记这种情况）

src / androidTest / java

对于本地测试，该文件夹必须为

src /测试/ java

然后，您可以拥有一个包文件夹来匹配您的应用程序包

希望这对社区有所帮助！