Sta*_*lav 24 parallel-processing foreach r r-bigmemory
问题描述:
我有一个大矩阵c,装在RAM内存中.我的目标是通过并行处理对其进行只读访问.然而,当我创建的连接无论是我使用doSNOW,doMPI,big.matrix等量显着地使用RAM而增加.
有没有办法正确创建共享内存,所有进程可以读取,而不创建所有数据的本地副本?
例:
libs<-function(libraries){# Installs missing libraries and then load them
for (lib in libraries){
if( !is.element(lib, .packages(all.available = TRUE)) ) {
install.packages(lib)
}
library(lib,character.only = TRUE)
}
}
libra<-list("foreach","parallel","doSNOW","bigmemory")
libs(libra)
#create a matrix of size 1GB aproximatelly
c<-matrix(runif(10000^2),10000,10000)
#convert it to bigmatrix
x<-as.big.matrix(c)
# get a description of the matrix
mdesc <- describe(x)
# Create the required connections
cl <- makeCluster(detectCores ())
registerDoSNOW(cl)
out<-foreach(linID = 1:10, .combine=c) %dopar% {
#load bigmemory
require(bigmemory)
# attach the matrix via shared memory??
m <- attach.big.matrix(mdesc)
#dummy expression to test data aquisition
c<-m[1,1]
}
closeAllConnections()
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内存:
NoB*_*own
14
我认为,解决问题的方法可以从史蒂夫韦斯顿,在笔者的职位可以看出 doParallel包将自动导出变量到foreach循环中引用的worker. 所以我认为问题是在你的代码中你的大矩阵 以下是文件支持的示例 或者,如果您使用的是 Linux/Mac 并且想要 CoW 共享内存,请使用 fork。首先将所有数据加载到主线程中,然后 您可以 您可以确认,如果延迟写入,该值确实会在背景中更新: 要控制并发并避免竞争条件,请使用锁: 编辑: 我通过交换
foreach包,在这里.在那里他说:
c在赋值中被引用c<-m[1,1].试试看xyz <- m[1,1]看会发生什么.big.matrix:
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#create a matrix of size 1GB aproximatelly
n <- 10000
m <- 10000
c <- matrix(runif(n*m),n,m)
#convert it to bigmatrix
x <- as.big.matrix(x = c, type = "double",
separated = FALSE,
backingfile = "example.bin",
descriptorfile = "example.desc")
# get a description of the matrix
mdesc <- describe(x)
# Create the required connections
cl <- makeCluster(detectCores ())
registerDoSNOW(cl)
## 1) No referencing
out <- foreach(linID = 1:4, .combine=c) %dopar% {
t <- attach.big.matrix("example.desc")
for (i in seq_len(30L)) {
for (j in seq_len(m)) {
y <- t[i,j]
}
}
return(0L)
}
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## 2) Referencing
out <- foreach(linID = 1:4, .combine=c) %dopar% {
invisible(c) ## c is referenced and thus exported to workers
t <- attach.big.matrix("example.desc")
for (i in seq_len(30L)) {
for (j in seq_len(m)) {
y <- t[i,j]
}
}
return(0L)
}
closeAllConnections()
mcparallel从parallel包中启动具有通用功能的工作线程(fork)。mccollect使用Rdsm库收集它们的结果,或者使用真正的共享内存,如下所示:
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library(parallel)
library(bigmemory) #for shared variables
shared<-bigmemory::big.matrix(nrow = size, ncol = 1, type = 'double')
shared[1]<-1 #Init shared memory with some number
job<-mcparallel({shared[1]<-23}) #...change it in another forked thread
shared[1,1] #...and confirm that it gets changed
# [1] 23
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fn<-function()
{
Sys.sleep(1) #One second delay
shared[1]<-11
}
job<-mcparallel(fn())
shared[1] #Execute immediately after last command
# [1] 23
aaa[1,1] #Execute after one second
# [1] 11
mccollect() #To destroy all forked processes (and possibly collect their output)
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library(synchronicity) #for locks
m<-boost.mutex() #Lets create a mutex "m"
bad.incr<-function() #This function doesn't protect the shared resource with locks:
{
a<-shared[1]
Sys.sleep(1)
shared[1]<-a+1
}
good.incr<-function()
{
lock(m)
a<-shared[1]
Sys.sleep(1)
shared[1]<-a+1
unlock(m)
}
shared[1]<-1
for (i in 1:5) job<-mcparallel(bad.incr())
shared[1] #You can verify, that the value didn't get increased 5 times due to race conditions
mccollect() #To clear all threads, not to get the values
shared[1]<-1
for (i in 1:5) job<-mcparallel(good.incr())
shared[1] #As expected, eventualy after 5 seconds of waiting you get the 6
#[1] 6
mccollect()
Rdsm::mgrmakevar到bigmemory::big.matrix. 无论如何,mgrmakevar内部调用big.matrix,我们不需要更多。