为什么Xcode 7显示*.tbd而不是*.dylib？

Question

Xcode 7在Target> BuildPhases> Link Binary With Libraries>点击+按钮

当选择要添加的框架时,你找不到*.dylib,你会看到*.tbd.

这是什么原因？

**对于需要dylib的人,请点击此帖

1. 选择"添加其他"
2. 进入文件选择窗口后,执行"CMD"+ Shift + G(转到文件夹)并键入/ usr/lib /
3. 从/ user/lib可以找到*.dylib文件

Answer 1

我已经搜索过Google,但到目前为止,我唯一能找到的是来自Apple开发者论坛的以下引用:

对于那些好奇的人来说,.tbd文件是新的"基于文本的存根库",它提供了用于SDK的存根库的更紧凑版本,并有助于显着减少其下载大小.

希望很快就能有更多的文档.

更新

例如,这是libsqlite3.tbd的全部内容.它只是一个文本文件.请注意,安装名称为libsqlite3.dylib.

---
archs:           [ armv7, armv7s, arm64 ]
platform:        ios
install-name:    /usr/lib/libsqlite3.dylib
current-version: 216.4
compatibility-version: 9.0
exports:         
  - archs:           [ armv7, armv7s, arm64 ]
    symbols:         [ __sqlite3_lockstate, __sqlite3_purgeEligiblePagerCacheMemory, 
                       __sqlite3_system_busy_handler, __sqlite_auto_profile, 
                       __sqlite_auto_profile_syslog, __sqlite_auto_trace, 
                       __sqlite_auto_trace_syslog, _sqlite3OsShmHasMultipleLinks, 
                       _sqlite3OsShmRenamedWhileOpen, _sqlite3OsShmWasTruncated, 
                       _sqlite3OsShmWasUnlinkedWhileOpen, _sqlite3VersionNumber, 
                       _sqlite3VersionString, _sqlite3_aggregate_context, 
                       _sqlite3_aggregate_count, _sqlite3_auto_extension, 
                       _sqlite3_backup_finish, _sqlite3_backup_init, _sqlite3_backup_pagecount, 
                       _sqlite3_backup_remaining, _sqlite3_backup_step, 
                       _sqlite3_bind_blob, _sqlite3_bind_blob64, _sqlite3_bind_double, 
                       _sqlite3_bind_int, _sqlite3_bind_int64, _sqlite3_bind_null, 
                       _sqlite3_bind_parameter_count, _sqlite3_bind_parameter_index, 
                       _sqlite3_bind_parameter_name, _sqlite3_bind_text, 
                       _sqlite3_bind_text16, _sqlite3_bind_text64, _sqlite3_bind_value, 
                       _sqlite3_bind_zeroblob, _sqlite3_blob_bytes, _sqlite3_blob_close, 
                       _sqlite3_blob_open, _sqlite3_blob_read, _sqlite3_blob_reopen, 
                       _sqlite3_blob_write, _sqlite3_busy_handler, _sqlite3_busy_timeout, 
                       _sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension, _sqlite3_changes, 
                       _sqlite3_clear_bindings, _sqlite3_close, _sqlite3_close_v2, 
                       _sqlite3_collation_needed, _sqlite3_collation_needed16, 
                       _sqlite3_column_blob, _sqlite3_column_bytes, _sqlite3_column_bytes16, 
                       _sqlite3_column_count, _sqlite3_column_decltype, 
                       _sqlite3_column_decltype16, _sqlite3_column_double, 
                       _sqlite3_column_int, _sqlite3_column_int64, _sqlite3_column_name, 
                       _sqlite3_column_name16, _sqlite3_column_text, _sqlite3_column_text16, 
                       _sqlite3_column_type, _sqlite3_column_value, _sqlite3_commit_hook, 
                       _sqlite3_compileoption_get, _sqlite3_compileoption_used, 
                       _sqlite3_complete, _sqlite3_complete16, _sqlite3_config, 
                       _sqlite3_context_db_handle, _sqlite3_create_collation, 
                       _sqlite3_create_collation16, _sqlite3_create_collation_v2, 
                       _sqlite3_create_function, _sqlite3_create_function16, 
                       _sqlite3_create_function_v2, _sqlite3_create_module, 
                       _sqlite3_create_module_v2, _sqlite3_data_count, 
                       _sqlite3_data_directory, _sqlite3_db_config, _sqlite3_db_filename, 
                       _sqlite3_db_handle, _sqlite3_db_mutex, _sqlite3_db_readonly, 
                       _sqlite3_db_release_memory, _sqlite3_db_status, 
                       _sqlite3_declare_vtab, _sqlite3_enable_shared_cache, 
                       _sqlite3_errcode, _sqlite3_errmsg, _sqlite3_errmsg16, 
                       _sqlite3_errstr, _sqlite3_exec, _sqlite3_expired, 
                       _sqlite3_extended_errcode, _sqlite3_extended_result_codes, 
                       _sqlite3_file_control, _sqlite3_finalize, _sqlite3_free, 
                       _sqlite3_free_table, _sqlite3_get_autocommit, _sqlite3_get_auxdata, 
                       _sqlite3_get_table, _sqlite3_global_recover, _sqlite3_initialize, 
                       _sqlite3_intarray_bind, _sqlite3_intarray_create, 
                       _sqlite3_interrupt, _sqlite3_last_insert_rowid, 
                       _sqlite3_libversion, _sqlite3_libversion_number, 
                       _sqlite3_limit, _sqlite3_log, _sqlite3_malloc, _sqlite3_malloc64, 
                       _sqlite3_memory_alarm, _sqlite3_memory_highwater, 
                       _sqlite3_memory_used, _sqlite3_mprintf, _sqlite3_msize, 
                       _sqlite3_mutex_alloc, _sqlite3_mutex_enter, _sqlite3_mutex_free, 
                       _sqlite3_mutex_leave, _sqlite3_mutex_try, _sqlite3_next_stmt, 
                       _sqlite3_open, _sqlite3_open16, _sqlite3_open_v2, 
                       _sqlite3_os_end, _sqlite3_os_init, _sqlite3_overload_function, 
                       _sqlite3_prepare, _sqlite3_prepare16, _sqlite3_prepare16_v2, 
                       _sqlite3_prepare_v2, _sqlite3_profile, _sqlite3_progress_handler, 
                       _sqlite3_randomness, _sqlite3_realloc, _sqlite3_realloc64, 
                       _sqlite3_release_memory, _sqlite3_reset, _sqlite3_reset_auto_extension, 
                       _sqlite3_result_blob, _sqlite3_result_blob64, _sqlite3_result_double, 
                       _sqlite3_result_error, _sqlite3_result_error16, 
                       _sqlite3_result_error_code, _sqlite3_result_error_nomem, 
                       _sqlite3_result_error_toobig, _sqlite3_result_int, 
                       _sqlite3_result_int64, _sqlite3_result_null, _sqlite3_result_text, 
                       _sqlite3_result_text16, _sqlite3_result_text16be, 
                       _sqlite3_result_text16le, _sqlite3_result_text64, 
                       _sqlite3_result_value, _sqlite3_result_zeroblob, 
                       _sqlite3_rollback_hook, _sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback, 
                       _sqlite3_rtree_query_callback, _sqlite3_set_authorizer, 
                       _sqlite3_set_auxdata, _sqlite3_shutdown, _sqlite3_sleep, 
                       _sqlite3_snprintf, _sqlite3_soft_heap_limit, _sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64, 
                       _sqlite3_sourceid, _sqlite3_sql, _sqlite3_status, 
                       _sqlite3_status64, _sqlite3_step, _sqlite3_stmt_busy, 
                       _sqlite3_stmt_readonly, _sqlite3_stmt_status, _sqlite3_strglob, 
                       _sqlite3_stricmp, _sqlite3_strnicmp, _sqlite3_table_column_metadata, 
                       _sqlite3_temp_directory, _sqlite3_test_control, 
                       _sqlite3_thread_cleanup, _sqlite3_threadsafe, _sqlite3_total_changes, 
                       _sqlite3_trace, _sqlite3_transfer_bindings, _sqlite3_update_hook, 
                       _sqlite3_uri_boolean, _sqlite3_uri_int64, _sqlite3_uri_parameter, 
                       _sqlite3_user_data, _sqlite3_value_blob, _sqlite3_value_bytes, 
                       _sqlite3_value_bytes16, _sqlite3_value_double, _sqlite3_value_int, 
                       _sqlite3_value_int64, _sqlite3_value_numeric_type, 
                       _sqlite3_value_text, _sqlite3_value_text16, _sqlite3_value_text16be, 
                       _sqlite3_value_text16le, _sqlite3_value_type, _sqlite3_version, 
                       _sqlite3_vfs_find, _sqlite3_vfs_register, _sqlite3_vfs_unregister, 
                       _sqlite3_vmprintf, _sqlite3_vsnprintf, _sqlite3_vtab_config, 
                       _sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict, _sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint, 
                       _sqlite3_wal_checkpoint, _sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2, 
                       _sqlite3_wal_hook ]
...

我发现了这个和其他.tbd文件

Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS.sdk/usr/lib/

如果转到Xcode项目的"常规"选项卡,然后在"链接的框架和库"下添加库,也可以看到.tbd文件..tbd文件将复制到您的项目中.

因此,似乎.dylib文件是项目正在使用的二进制代码的实际库,位于用户设备的/ usr/lib /目录中.另一方面,.tbd文件只是一个包含在项目中的文本文件,用作指向所需.dylib二进制文件的链接.由于此文本文件比二进制库小得多,因此它使SDK的下载大小更小.

在这一点上,我只是从所提供的信息中推测出来,所以如果我错了,请纠正我.

Answer 2

.dylib是包含机器代码的已编译二进制文件..tbd是一个较小的文本文件,类似于跨平台模块映射.

Answer 3

基于文本的 dylib 存根 (.tbd)

这是一种优化，意味着您不必将.dylib文件（存在于目标上）复制到您的包（例如应用程序）中。此文件不包含对文件大小有重大影响的二进制代码。

它仅适用于：

1. Dynamic libraries 因为它们是运行时链接的
2. 文件应该在目标上有一个相关的路径。因此，它是最好的地方standard system libraries。

对于 iOS 开发，您可以找到可以在此处使用的 .tbd 文件

/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS.sdk/usr/lib

例如libiconv.tbd看起来像

该文件包含一些元信息，例如：

• .dylib 地点
• 符号（类的属性、方法）
• 建筑学
• 平台