如何将 QObject 指针的属性公开给 QML

zar*_*zar 6 qt qml qtquick2 qproperty

我对我的班级进行了非常简短(和部分)的描述,以表明我的问题。基本上我设置了两个属性。

class Fruit : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
  ....
public:
    Q_PROPERTY( int price READ getPrice NOTIFY priceChanged)

    Q_PROPERTY(Fruit * fruit READ fruit WRITE setFruit NOTIFY fruitChanged)
}
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在我的 QML 中,如果我访问该price属性,它会运行良好。但是,如果我访问fruit明显返回的属性Fruit,然后尝试使用它的price属性,那是行不通的。这不应该这样工作吗?

Text {
    id: myText
    anchors.centerIn: parent
    text: basket.price // shows correctly
    //text: basket.fruit.price // doesn't show
}
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第二个返回的Fruit也是一个属性,它有price属性,但它似乎无法访问该属性?这应该有效吗?

更新

我包括我的源代码。我用 创建了一个新的演示HardwareComponent,这样更有意义。我试图根据我收到的答案让它工作,但没有运气。

HardwareComponentComputerclass 是和的基类CPU

主程序

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>

class HardwareComponent : public QObject
{
   Q_OBJECT
public:
   HardwareComponent() : m_price(0) {}
   virtual int price() = 0;
   virtual Q_INVOKABLE void add(HardwareComponent * item) { m_CPU = item; }
   HardwareComponent * getCPU() const { return m_CPU; }

   Q_SLOT virtual void setPrice(int arg)
   {
      if (m_price == arg) return;
      m_price = arg;
      emit priceChanged(arg);
   }
   Q_SIGNAL void priceChanged(int arg);

protected:
   Q_PROPERTY(HardwareComponent * cpu READ getCPU);
   Q_PROPERTY(int price READ price WRITE setPrice NOTIFY priceChanged)

   HardwareComponent * m_CPU;
   int m_price;
};

class Computer : public HardwareComponent
{
   Q_OBJECT
public:
   Computer() { m_price = 500; }

   int price() { return m_price; }
   void setprice(int arg) { m_price = arg; }
};

class CPU : public HardwareComponent
{
   Q_OBJECT
public:
   CPU() { m_price = 100; }

   int price() { return m_price; }
   void setprice(int arg) { m_price = arg; }
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   HardwareComponent * computer = new Computer;
   CPU * cpu = new CPU;
   computer->add( cpu );

   QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
   QQmlApplicationEngine engine;

   engine.load(QUrl(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml")));
   engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("computer", computer); 

   return app.exec();
}

#include "main.moc"
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主.qml

import QtQuick 2.3
import QtQuick.Window 2.2

Window {
    visible: true
    width: 360
    height: 360

    Text {
        anchors.centerIn: parent
        text: computer.price // works
        //text: computer.cpu.price // doesn't work, doesn't show any value
    }
}
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这是我所有项目文件的完整源代码。

当我运行它时,我得到以下输出:

启动 C:\Users\User\Documents\My Qt Projects\build-hardware-Desktop_Qt_5_4_0_MSVC2010_OpenGL_32bit-Debug\debug\hardware.exe...启用 QML 调试。仅在安全的环境中使用此功能。qrc:/MainForm.ui.qml:20: ReferenceError: 计算机未定义

尽管它在第 20 行 (computer.price) 行发出警告,但它仍然有效并显示计算机的价格 (=500)。如果更改它computer.cpu.price,则会报告相同的警告,但价格不再显示 - 它似乎不起作用。

问题是,由于价格是虚拟财产,所以它有效!但如果我在计算机组件内的另一个硬件组件上使用此属性,它就不起作用!Mido 发布的代码/答案让我希望有一个解决方案,它看起来非常接近!我希望我能完成这项工作。

Rei*_*ica 6

只有一些问题,特别是与 QML 相关的问题:

  1. 必须在引擎加载 qml 文件之前设置上下文属性。

  2. 您尚未注册该HardwareComponent类型。有关更多信息,请参阅从 C++ 定义 QML 类型

除了 QML 方面之外,您似乎还希望硬件成为具有树结构的复合体。由于 aQObject已经是复合材料,因此您可以利用它来发挥自己的优势。硬件项树可以是对象树。QObject添加或删除子项时会通知家长:因此,在添加和删除子项时可以轻松保持最新价格。

每个组件都有一个unitPrice:这是单独组件的价格。这price是组件的单价及其子组件的价格总和。

您可以缓存它并仅在单价更改或子价格更改时更新它,而不是遍历整个树来获取总价。同样,当前的 CPU 可以被缓存,您可以在任何给定时间强制使用单个 CPU,等等。该示例是功能性的,但只是一个最小的草图。

我还展示了如何更改计算机中的 CPU 类型。价格变化和 CPU 变化都会有通知。cpu当属性更改以及任何price属性更改时, QML UI 都会做出适当的反应。

示例的屏幕截图

主程序

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QtQml>

class HardwareComponent : public QObject {
   Q_OBJECT
   Q_PROPERTY(QString category MEMBER m_category READ category CONSTANT)
   Q_PROPERTY(HardwareComponent * cpu READ cpu WRITE setCpu NOTIFY cpuChanged)
   Q_PROPERTY(int price READ price NOTIFY priceChanged)
   Q_PROPERTY(int unitPrice MEMBER m_unitPrice READ unitPrice WRITE setUnitPrice NOTIFY unitPriceChanged)
   QString m_category;
   int m_unitPrice;
   bool event(QEvent * ev) Q_DECL_OVERRIDE {
      if (ev->type() != QEvent::ChildAdded && ev->type() != QEvent::ChildRemoved)
         return QObject::event(ev);
      auto childEvent = static_cast<QChildEvent*>(ev);
      auto child = qobject_cast<HardwareComponent*>(childEvent->child());
      if (! child) return QObject::event(ev);
      if (childEvent->added())
         connect(child, &HardwareComponent::priceChanged,
                 this, &HardwareComponent::priceChanged, Qt::UniqueConnection);
      else
         disconnect(child, &HardwareComponent::priceChanged,
                    this, &HardwareComponent::priceChanged);
      emit priceChanged(price());
      if (child->category() == "CPU") emit cpuChanged(cpu());
      return QObject::event(ev);
   }
public:
   HardwareComponent(int price, QString category = QString(), QObject * parent = 0) :
      QObject(parent), m_category(category), m_unitPrice(price) {}
   HardwareComponent * cpu() const {
      for (auto child : findChildren<HardwareComponent*>())
         if (child->category() == "CPU") return child;
      return 0;
   }
   Q_INVOKABLE void setCpu(HardwareComponent * newCpu) {
      Q_ASSERT(!newCpu || newCpu->category() == "CPU");
      auto oldCpu = cpu();
      if (oldCpu == newCpu) return;
      if (oldCpu) oldCpu->setParent(0);
      if (newCpu) newCpu->setParent(this);
      emit cpuChanged(newCpu);
   }
   Q_SIGNAL void cpuChanged(HardwareComponent *);
   virtual int price() const {
      int total = unitPrice();
      for (auto child : findChildren<HardwareComponent*>(QString(), Qt::FindDirectChildrenOnly))
         total += child->price();
      return total;
   }
   Q_SIGNAL void priceChanged(int);
   int unitPrice() const { return m_unitPrice; }
   void setUnitPrice(int unitPrice) {
      if (m_unitPrice == unitPrice) return;
      m_unitPrice = unitPrice;
      emit unitPriceChanged(m_unitPrice);
      emit priceChanged(this->price());
   }
   Q_SIGNAL void unitPriceChanged(int);
   QString category() const { return m_category; }
};

struct Computer : public HardwareComponent {
   Computer() : HardwareComponent(400) {}
};

class FluctuatingPriceComponent : public HardwareComponent {
   QTimer m_timer;
   int m_basePrice;
public:
   FluctuatingPriceComponent(int basePrice, const QString & category = QString(), QObject * parent = 0) :
      HardwareComponent(basePrice, category, parent),
      m_basePrice(basePrice) {
      m_timer.start(250);
      connect(&m_timer, &QTimer::timeout, [this]{
         setUnitPrice(m_basePrice + qrand()*20.0/RAND_MAX - 10);
      });
   }
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
   QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
   Computer computer;
   HardwareComponent memoryBay(40, "Memory Bay", &computer);
   HardwareComponent memoryStick(60, "Memory Stick", &memoryBay);
   FluctuatingPriceComponent cpu1(100, "CPU", &computer);
   HardwareComponent cpu2(200, "CPU");

   qmlRegisterUncreatableType<HardwareComponent>("bar.foo", 1, 0, "HardwareComponent", "");
   engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("computer", &computer);
   engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("cpu1", &cpu1);
   engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("cpu2", &cpu2);
   engine.load(QUrl("qrc:/main.qml"));
   return app.exec();
}

#include "main.moc"
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主.qml

import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Controls 1.2
import QtQuick.Window 2.0

Window {
    visible: true
    Column {
        anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
        anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter
        Text {
            text: "Computer price: " + computer.price
        }
        Text {
            text: "CPU price: " + (computer.cpu ? computer.cpu.price : "N/A")
        }
        Button {
            text: "Use CPU 1";
            onClicked: { computer.setCpu(cpu1) }
        }
        Button {
            text: "Use CPU 2";
            onClicked: { computer.setCpu(cpu2) }
        }
        Button {
            text: "Use no CPU";
            onClicked: { computer.setCpu(undefined) }
        }
    }
}
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