如何创建一系列连接稀疏数据的月份？

Question

我认为这是一个非常常见的问题,但我不知道这个过程是什么,所以我将用一个例子来描述它.这个概念是我想将稀疏数据集加入到完整的系列中,例如一周中的几天,一年中的几个月或任何有序集(例如,排名).稀疏数据中的空位置将在完整系列旁边显示为NULL.

假设我在SQL Server中运行以下查询以查找每月销售额.

SELECT
    YEAR([timestamp]),
    MONTH([timestamp]),
    COUNT(*)
FROM table1
WHERE YEAR([timestamp]) = YEAR(GETDATE())
GROUP BY
    YEAR([timestamp]),
    MONTH([timestamp])
ORDER BY
    YEAR([timestamp]) DESC,
    MONTH([timestamp]) DESC;

但是,如果销售仅发生在今年的5月和8月,那么返回结果将如下所示:

2010    August    1234
2010    May       5678

我希望我的返回结果集看起来像这样:

2010    January
2010    February
2010    March
2010    April
2010    May        1234
2010    June
2010    July
2010    August     5678
2010    September
2010    October
2010    November
2010    December

我知道这样做的唯一方法是:

SELECT
    YEAR(GETDATE()),
    month_index.month_name,
    sales_data.sales
FROM (
    SELECT 'January' as month_name, 1 as month_number
    UNION
    SELECT 'February', 2
    UNION
    SELECT 'March', 3
    UNION
    SELECT 'April', 4
    UNION
    SELECT 'May', 5
    UNION
    SELECT 'June', 6
    UNION
    SELECT 'July', 7
    UNION
    SELECT 'August', 8
    UNION
    SELECT 'September', 9
    UNION
    SELECT 'October', 10
    UNION
    SELECT 'November', 11
    UNION
    SELECT 'December', 12
) as month_index
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT
        YEAR([timestamp]) AS year_name,
        MONTH([timestamp]) AS month_name,
        COUNT(*) AS sales
    FROM table1
    WHERE YEAR([timestamp]) = GETDATE()
    GROUP BY
        YEAR([timestamp]),
        MONTH([timestamp])
) AS sales_data
ON month_index.month_name = sales_data.month_name
ORDER BY
    month_index.month_number DESC;

有没有更好的方法来创建完整的日期和字母数字系列来加入数据？什么是这个所谓的？

谢谢!

Answer 1

尝试这样的事情:

DECLARE @StartDate datetime
       ,@EndDate datetime
SELECT @StartDate=DATEADD(month,-6,DATEADD(month,DATEDIFF(month,0,GETDATE()),0) )
      ,@EndDate=GETDATE()

;with AllDates AS
(
    SELECT @StartDate AS DateOf
    UNION ALL
    SELECT DateAdd(month,1,DateOf)
        FROM AllDates
    WHERE DateOf<@EndDate
)
SELECT * FROM AllDates

输出:

DateOf
-----------------------
2009-12-01 00:00:00.000
2010-01-01 00:00:00.000
2010-02-01 00:00:00.000
2010-03-01 00:00:00.000
2010-04-01 00:00:00.000
2010-05-01 00:00:00.000
2010-06-01 00:00:00.000
2010-07-01 00:00:00.000

(8 row(s) affected)

Answer 2

如何创建一个名为 Months: 的新表，然后用可以连接的数据填充它？