如何避免这两个SQL语句之间的死锁？

Question

我有两个存储过程在不同的线程中运行,在SQL Server 2005上运行.一个过程将新行插入到一组表中,另一个过程从同一组表中删除旧数据.这些过程在表DLevel和Model上遇到死锁.这是架构:

滚动条图像http://www.barramsoft.com/pub/images/DeadLock2.jpg

表DFile:主键= DFileID
表DLevel:主键= DLevelID,外键:DFileID
表模型:主键= ModelID,外键:DFileID
表ELement:主键= ElementID,外键1:DFileID,外键2:DLevelID

我已经隔离了导致死锁的确切的两个SQL语句(每个存储过程一个).我已经看到任何一个程序报告的死锁.我在两种情况下都使用top(1000),并且两个语句都在循环中执行,直到它们完成而没有剩下的行来删除/插入.

SQL语句1:

while (...)
begin
    delete top (1000) from DLevel where DFileID = @fileID1
    ...
end

SQL语句2:

while (...)
begin
    insert into Element (ElementID, DFileID, LevelNum, ...)
       select top (1000) el.ElementID, el.DFileID, el.LevelNum, ...
       from   ElementLoader el with (nolock)
              left outer join Element e with (nolock)
                   on e.ElementID = el.ElementID
       where  el.DFileID = @fileID2
       and    e.ElementID is null
       order  by el.ElementID
    ...
end

注意:@ fileID1和@ fileID2的值始终保证不同.DLevel表平均约为.单个DFileID有 60行,因此可以在一次传递中完成所有行的删除.

如何避免这两个SQL语句之间的死锁？

编辑1: 重写以更好地澄清问题; 添加图片; 简化了SQL并删除了对DLevel表的连接,这对死锁没有贡献.

编辑2: 添加了死锁图的XML.
僵局现在出现在Model表上.类似delete语句和架构模型作为DLEVEL表.

<deadlock victim="process2bae38">
    <process-list>
        <process id="process2bae38" taskpriority="0" logused="4760" waitresource="PAGE: 11:1:1946" waittime="46" ownerId="4127445" transactionname="DELETE" lasttranstarted="2010-06-24T16:19:00.107" XDES="0xffffffff90552ae0" lockMode="S" schedulerid="1" kpid="14252" status="suspended" spid="58" sbid="0" ecid="0" priority="0" transcount="2" lastbatchstarted="2010-06-24T16:19:00.107" lastbatchcompleted="2010-06-24T16:19:00.107" clientapp=".Net SqlClient Data Provider" hostname="LT0103" hostpid="1668" loginname="NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM" isolationlevel="read committed (2)" xactid="4127445" currentdb="11" lockTimeout="4294967295" clientoption1="673185824" clientoption2="128056">
            <executionStack>
                <frame procname="CadExplorer5.dbo.pCleanUpOldFiles" line="364" stmtstart="23718" stmtend="23834" sqlhandle="0x03000b00fb1c2229b1a7f7009f9d00000100000000000000">
delete top (@batchSize) from Model where DFileID = @fileID     </frame>
            </executionStack>
            <inputbuf>
Proc [Database Id = 11 Object Id = 690101499]    </inputbuf>
        </process>
        <process id="process2c95b8" taskpriority="0" logused="283388" waitresource="KEY: 11:72057594039304192 (8100bdf15e8b)" waittime="78" ownerId="4127412" transactionname="INSERT" lasttranstarted="2010-06-24T16:19:00.103" XDES="0xffffffff81d5ef18" lockMode="S" schedulerid="2" kpid="8460" status="suspended" spid="63" sbid="0" ecid="0" priority="0" transcount="2" lastbatchstarted="2010-06-24T16:18:59.413" lastbatchcompleted="2010-06-24T16:18:59.413" clientapp=".Net SqlClient Data Provider" hostname="LT0103" hostpid="1668" loginname="NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM" isolationlevel="read committed (2)" xactid="4127412" currentdb="11" lockTimeout="4294967295" clientoption1="673185824" clientoption2="128056">
            <executionStack>
                <frame procname="CadExplorer5.dbo.pLoadElements" line="288" stmtstart="28796" stmtend="33194" sqlhandle="0x03000b00a689fe2b2c5107019f9d00000100000000000000">
insert into Element (
                        ElementID, DFileID, ModelID, ElementTypeID, CADElementID,
                        ParentID,
                        LevelNum,
                        Depth, NumChildren,
                        Color, Weight, Style, Xlo, Ylo, Zlo, Xhi, Yhi, Zhi,
                        Diagonal, XCenter,
                        BitFlags, ElementModTime
                        )
                  select top (@batchSize)
                        el.ElementID, el.DFileID, el.ModelID, el.ElementTypeID, el.CADElementID,
                        parent.ElementID as ParentID,
                        (case when el.LoaderType = 1 and et.IsGraphical = 1 then el.LevelAttrib else null end) as LevelNum,
                        --l.LevelNum,
                        el.Depth, el.NumChildren,
                        el.Color, el.Weight, el.Style, el.Xlo, el.Ylo, el.Zlo, el.Xhi, el.Yhi, el.Zhi,
                        el.Diagonal, el.XCenter,     </frame>
            </executionStack>
            <inputbuf>
Proc [Database Id = 11 Object Id = 738101670]    </inputbuf>
        </process>
    </process-list>
    <resource-list>
        <pagelock fileid="1" pageid="1946" dbid="11" objectname="CadExplorer5.dbo.Element" id="lockffffffff86ffd080" mode="IX" associatedObjectId="72057594039107584">
            <owner-list>
                <owner id="process2c95b8" mode="IX"/>
            </owner-list>
            <waiter-list>
                <waiter id="process2bae38" mode="S" requestType="wait"/>
            </waiter-list>
        </pagelock>
        <keylock hobtid="72057594039304192" dbid="11" objectname="CadExplorer5.dbo.Model" indexname="PK_Model" id="lockffffffff8d66db80" mode="X" associatedObjectId="72057594039304192">
            <owner-list>
                <owner id="process2bae38" mode="X"/>
            </owner-list>
            <waiter-list>
                <waiter id="process2c95b8" mode="S" requestType="wait"/>
            </waiter-list>
        </keylock>
    </resource-list>
</deadlock>

Answer 1

我怀疑删除和插入同时进行一定存在某种关键违规......？