The problem you're having is you're blocking the Event Dispatching Thread, prevent the UI from been updated or any new events from been processed...
It starts here...
for(int i = 0; i < 15; i++)
{
//...
//Check to see if user has enetered anything
// And is compounded here
while(!answered)
{
Thread.sleep(duration);
//...
}
You're clearly thinking in a procedural manner (like you would for a console program), but this isn't how GUIs work, GUIs are event driven, something happens at some point in time and you respond to it.
My suggestion is to investigate Swing Timer, which will allow you to schedule a call back at some, point in the future and perform some action when it is triggered, which can be used to modify the UI, as its executed within the context of the EDT.
See Concurrency in Swing and How to use Swing Timers for more details
我还建议你看一下CardLayout,因为它可能更容易在不同的视图之间进行更改
有关详细信息,请参见如何使用CardLayout
基本
我非常关注"Code to interface not implementation"和Model-View-Controller的原理.这些基本上鼓励您分离和分离责任,因此一部分的变更不会对另一部分产生不利影响.
它还意味着您可以插入实现,解耦代码并使其更灵活.
从基础开始,你需要一些有文字(问题),正确答案和一些"选项"(或不正确答案)的东西
public interface Question {
public String getPrompt();
public String getCorrectAnswer();
public String[] getOptions();
public String getUserResponse();
public void setUserResponse(String response);
public boolean isCorrect();
}
所以,非常基本.问题有一个提示,一个正确的答案,一些错误的答案,并可以管理用户响应.为了便于使用,它还有一种isCorrect方法
现在,我们需要一个实际的实现.这是一个非常基本的例子,但你可能有许多不同的实现,甚至可能包括答案类型的泛型(我假设String为了论证)
public class DefaultQuestion implements Question {
private final String prompt;
private final String correctAnswer;
private final String[] options;
private String userResponse;
public DefaultQuestion(String prompt, String correctAnswer, String... options) {
this.prompt = prompt;
this.correctAnswer = correctAnswer;
this.options = options;
}
@Override
public String getPrompt() {
return prompt;
}
@Override
public String getCorrectAnswer() {
return correctAnswer;
}
@Override
public String[] getOptions() {
return options;
}
@Override
public String getUserResponse() {
return userResponse;
}
@Override
public void setUserResponse(String response) {
userResponse = response;
}
@Override
public boolean isCorrect() {
return getCorrectAnswer().equals(getUserResponse());
}
}
好的,这一切都很好,但这实际上对我们有什么影响？好吧,知道你可以创建一个简单的组件,其唯一的工作就是向用户提出问题并处理他们的响应......
public class QuestionPane extends JPanel {
private Question question;
public QuestionPane(Question question) {
this.question = question;
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JLabel prompt = new JLabel("<html><b>" + question.getPrompt() + "</b></html>");
prompt.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.LEFT);
add(prompt, BorderLayout.NORTH);
JPanel guesses = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
guesses.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
gbc.weightx = 1;
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
List<String> options = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(question.getOptions()));
options.add(question.getCorrectAnswer());
Collections.sort(options);
ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
for (String option : options) {
JRadioButton btn = new JRadioButton(option);
bg.add(btn);
guesses.add(btn, gbc);
}
add(guesses);
}
public Question getQuestion() {
return question;
}
public class ActionHandler implements ActionListener {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
getQuestion().setUserResponse(e.getActionCommand());
}
}
}
这是一个很好的可重用组件,可以处理一堆问题而不关心.
现在,我们需要一些方法来管理多个问题,一个测验!
public class QuizPane extends JPanel {
private List<Question> quiz;
private long timeOut = 5;
private Timer timer;
private JButton next;
private CardLayout cardLayout;
private int currentQuestion;
private JPanel panelOfQuestions;
private Long startTime;
public QuizPane(List<Question> quiz) {
this.quiz = quiz;
cardLayout = new CardLayout();
panelOfQuestions = new JPanel(cardLayout);
JButton start = new JButton("Start");
start.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
currentQuestion = -1;
nextQuestion();
timer.start();
}
});
JPanel filler = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
filler.add(start);
panelOfQuestions.add(filler, "start");
for (int index = 0; index < quiz.size(); index++) {
Question question = quiz.get(index);
QuestionPane pane = new QuestionPane(question);
panelOfQuestions.add(pane, Integer.toString(index));
}
panelOfQuestions.add(new JLabel("The quiz is over"), "last");
currentQuestion = 0;
cardLayout.show(panelOfQuestions, "start");
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(panelOfQuestions);
JPanel buttonPane = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
next = new JButton("Next");
buttonPane.add(next);
next.setEnabled(false);
add(buttonPane, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
next.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
nextQuestion();
}
});
timer = new Timer(250, new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (startTime == null) {
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
long duration = (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000;
if (duration >= timeOut) {
nextQuestion();
} else {
long timeLeft = timeOut - duration;
next.setText("Next (" + timeLeft + ")");
next.repaint();
}
}
});
}
protected void nextQuestion() {
timer.stop();
currentQuestion++;
if (currentQuestion >= quiz.size()) {
cardLayout.show(panelOfQuestions, "last");
next.setEnabled(false);
// You could could loop through all the questions and tally
// the correct answers here
} else {
cardLayout.show(panelOfQuestions, Integer.toString(currentQuestion));
startTime = null;
next.setText("Next");
next.setEnabled(true);
timer.start();
}
}
}
Okay, this is a little more complicated, but the basics are, it manages which question is currently presented to the user, manages the time and allows the user to navigate to the next question if they want to.
Now, it's easy to get lost in the detail...
This part of the code actually set's up the main "view", using a CardLayout
panelOfQuestions.add(filler, "start");
for (int index = 0; index < quiz.size(); index++) {
Question question = quiz.get(index);
QuestionPane pane = new QuestionPane(question);
panelOfQuestions.add(pane, Integer.toString(index));
}
panelOfQuestions.add(new JLabel("The quiz is over"), "last");
currentQuestion = 0;
cardLayout.show(panelOfQuestions, "start");
The start button, "end screen" and each individual QuestionPane are added to the panelOfQuestions, which is managed by a CardLayout, this makes it easy to "flip" the views as required.
I use a simple method to move to the next question
protected void nextQuestion() {
timer.stop();
currentQuestion++;
if (currentQuestion >= quiz.size()) {
cardLayout.show(panelOfQuestions, "last");
next.setEnabled(false);
// You could could loop through all the questions and tally
// the correct answers here
} else {
cardLayout.show(panelOfQuestions, Integer.toString(currentQuestion));
startTime = null;
next.setText("Next");
next.setEnabled(true);
timer.start();
}
}
这基本上增加了一个计数器,并检查我们是否已经用完了问题.如果有,则禁用下一个按钮并向用户显示"最后"视图,如果没有,则移动到下一个问题视图并重新启动超时计时器.
现在,这里出现了"神奇"......
timer = new Timer(250, new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (startTime == null) {
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
long duration = (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000;
if (duration >= timeOut) {
nextQuestion();
} else {
long timeLeft = timeOut - duration;
next.setText("Next (" + timeLeft + ")");
}
}
});
Swing Timer扮演一个伪循环,这意味着它将actionPerformed在常规基础上调用该方法,就像for或while循环一样,但它会在不会阻止EDT的情况下完成它.
This example adds a little more "magic" in that it acts as a count down timer, it checks how long the question has been visible to the user and presents a count down until it will automatically move to the next question, when the duration is greater then or equal to the timeOut (5 seconds in this example), it calls the nextQuestion method
But how do you use it you ask? You create a List of Questions, create an instance of the QuizPane and add that to some other container which is displayed on the screen, for example...
public class QuizMaster {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new QuizMaster();
}
public QuizMaster() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
List<Question> quiz = new ArrayList<>(5);
quiz.add(new DefaultQuestion("Bananas are:", "Yellow", "Green", "Blue", "Ping", "Round"));
quiz.add(new DefaultQuestion("1 + 1:", "2", "5", "3", "An artificial construct"));
quiz.add(new DefaultQuestion("In the UK, it is illegal to eat...", "Mince pies on Christmas Day", "Your cousin", "Bananas"));
quiz.add(new DefaultQuestion("If you lift a kangaroo’s tail off the ground...", "It can’t hop", "It will kick you in the face", "Act as a jack"));
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.add(new QuizPane(quiz));
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
}
And finally, because I know you'll want one, a fully runable example
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
public class QuizMaster {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new QuizMaster();
}
public QuizMaster() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
List<Question> quiz = new ArrayList<>(5);
quiz.add(new DefaultQuestion("Bananas are:", "Yellow", "Green", "Blue", "Ping", "Round"));
quiz.add(new DefaultQuestion("1 + 1:", "2", "5", "3", "An artificial construct"));
quiz.add(new DefaultQuestion("In the UK, it is illegal to eat...", "Mince pies on Christmas Day", "Your cousin", "Bananas"));
quiz.add(new DefaultQuestion("If you lift a kangaroo’s tail off the ground...", "It can’t hop", "It will kick you in the face", "Act as a jack"));
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.add(new QuizPane(quiz));
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public class QuizPane extends JPanel {
private List<Question> quiz;
private long timeOut = 5;
private Timer timer;
private JButton next;
private CardLayout cardLayout;
private int currentQuestion;
private JPanel panelOfQuestions;
private Long startTime;
public QuizPane(List<Question> quiz) {
this.quiz = quiz;
cardLayout = new CardLayout();
panelOfQuestions = new JPanel(cardLayout);
JButton start = new JButton("Start");
start.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
currentQuestion = -1;
nextQuestion();
timer.start();
}
});
JPanel filler = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
filler.add(start);
panelOfQuestions.add(filler, "start");
for (int index = 0; index < quiz.size(); index++) {
Question question = quiz.get(index);
QuestionPane pane = new QuestionPane(question);
panelOfQuestions.add(pane, Integer.toString(index));
}
panelOfQuestions.add(new JLabel("The quiz is over"), "last");
currentQuestion = 0;
cardLayout.show(panelOfQuestions, "start");
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(panelOfQuestions);
JPanel buttonPane = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
next = new JButton("Next");
buttonPane.add(next);
next.setEnabled(false);
add(buttonPane, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
next.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
nextQuestion();
}
});
timer = new Timer(250, new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (startTime == null) {
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
long duration = (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000;
if (duration >= timeOut) {
nextQuestion();
} else {
long timeLeft = timeOut - duration;
next.setText("Next (" + timeLeft + ")");
next.repaint();
}
}
});
}
protected void nextQuestion() {
timer.stop();
currentQuestion++;
if (currentQuestion >= quiz.size()) {
cardLayout.show(panelOfQuestions, "last");
next.setEnabled(false);
// You could could loop through all the questions and tally
// the correct answers here
} else {
cardLayout.show(panelOfQuestions, Integer.toString(currentQuestion));
startTime = null;
next.setText("Next");
next.setEnabled(true);
timer.start();
}
}
}
public interface Question {
public String getPrompt();
public String getCorrectAnswer();
public String[] getOptions();
public String getUserResponse();
public void setUserResponse(String response);
public boolean isCorrect();
}
public class DefaultQuestion implements Question {
private final String prompt;
private final String correctAnswer;
private final String[] options;
private String userResponse;
public DefaultQuestion(String prompt, String correctAnswer, String... options) {
this.prompt = prompt;
this.correctAnswer = correctAnswer;
this.options = options;
}
@Override
public String getPrompt() {
return prompt;
}
@Override
public String getCorrectAnswer() {
return correctAnswer;
}
@Override
public String[] getOptions() {
return options;
}
@Override
public String getUserResponse() {
return userResponse;
}
@Override
public void setUserResponse(String response) {
userResponse = response;
}
@Override
public boolean isCorrect() {
return getCorrectAnswer().equals(getUserResponse());
}
}
public class QuestionPane extends JPanel {
private Question question;
public QuestionPane(Question question) {
this.question = question;
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JLabel prompt = new JLabel("<html><b>" + question.getPrompt() + "</b></html>");
prompt.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.LEFT);
add(prompt, BorderLayout.NORTH);
JPanel guesses = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
guesses.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
gbc.weightx = 1;
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
List<String> options = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(question.getOptions()));
options.add(question.getCorrectAnswer());
Collections.sort(options);
ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
for (String option : options) {
JRadioButton btn = new JRadioButton(option);
bg.add(btn);
guesses.add(btn, gbc);
}
add(guesses);
}
public Question getQuestion() {
return question;
}
public class ActionHandler implements ActionListener {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
getQuestion().setUserResponse(e.getActionCommand());
}
}
}
}
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