如何以编程方式配置log4j 2.x？

Question

如何log4j 2.3以console appender编程方式配置纯(没有任何格式的配置文件)？

基本上我正在寻找这个1.x代码的 2.x版本.

在我的课程中,我会使用

private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger();
// 
    // some method
       logger.debug(someString);

没有任何配置,我(正如预期)面对

错误StatusLogger找不到log4j2配置文件.使用默认配置:仅将错误记录到控制台.

虽然配置文件的使用似乎得到了适当的记录,但我找不到一个只有裸机代码的好例子.

我得到的最接近的是这篇文章仍然使用虚拟文件.

这是我最好的(虽然完全不成功)拍摄:

private static void configureLog4J() {
    PatternLayout layout = PatternLayout.createDefaultLayout();
    ConsoleAppender appender = ConsoleAppender.createDefaultAppenderForLayout(layout);
    LoggerConfig loggerConfig = new LoggerConfig();
    loggerConfig.addAppender(appender, DEBUG, null);
}

我错过了什么吗？

如果它仍然是RTFM案例,请指出我正确的方向.

Answer 1

package com;

import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Appender;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.ConsoleAppender;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppenderRef;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class MyLoggerTest  {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        LoggerContext context= (LoggerContext) LogManager.getContext();
        Configuration config= context.getConfiguration();

        PatternLayout layout= PatternLayout.createLayout("%m%n", null, null, Charset.defaultCharset(),false,false,null,null);
        Appender appender=ConsoleAppender.createAppender(layout, null, null, "CONSOLE_APPENDER", null, null);
        appender.start();
        AppenderRef ref= AppenderRef.createAppenderRef("CONSOLE_APPENDER",null,null);
        AppenderRef[] refs = new AppenderRef[] {ref};
        LoggerConfig loggerConfig= LoggerConfig.createLogger("false", Level.INFO,"CONSOLE_LOGGER","com",refs,null,null,null);
        loggerConfig.addAppender(appender,null,null);

        config.addAppender(appender);
        config.addLogger("com", loggerConfig);
        context.updateLoggers(config);

        Logger logger=LogManager.getContext().getLogger("com");
        logger.info("HELLO_WORLD");


    }
}

不确定这是否是您正在寻找的.这将创建默认配置并添加控制台记录器.但是,LogManager.getLogger()不起作用并使用LogManager.getContext().getLogger()不允许记录器层次结构.老实说,我不建议采用程序化方法,Log4j2对它过敏.

Answer 2

以下是log4j 2.8编程配置的完整示例.它有3个appender:RollingFile,JDBC和SMTP.

有1个类和2个属性配置文件,一个用于将类注册为log4j2 configurationFactory,另一个用于设置属性,如日志文件目录.

第1类:MPLoggingConfiguration

package com.websitester.config;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.zip.Deflater;

import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Appender;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Layout;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.RollingFileAppender;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.SmtpAppender;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.ColumnMapping;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jdbc.ColumnConfig;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jdbc.ConnectionSource;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jdbc.DataSourceConnectionSource;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.db.jdbc.JdbcAppender;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.rolling.CompositeTriggeringPolicy;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.rolling.DefaultRolloverStrategy;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.rolling.OnStartupTriggeringPolicy;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.rolling.TriggeringPolicy;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppenderRef;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.ConfigurationFactory;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.ConfigurationSource;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.DefaultConfiguration;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Order;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Property;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.Plugin;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.HtmlLayout;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout;

public class MPLoggingConfiguration {

    public static final String WEBSITESTER_LOGGER_NAME = "com.websitester";
    public static final String FILE_PATTERN_LAYOUT = "%n[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] [%-5p] [%l]%n\t%m%n%n";
    public static final String LOG_FILE_NAME = "awmonitor.log";
    public static final String LOG_FILE_NAME_PATTERN = "awmonitor-%i.log";  

    /**
     * Just to make JVM visit this class to initialize the static parts.
     */
    public static void configure() {
    }

    @Plugin(category = ConfigurationFactory.CATEGORY, name = "MPConfigurationFactory")
    @Order(15)
    public static class MPConfigurationFactory  extends ConfigurationFactory {
        public static final String[] SUFFIXES = new String[] {".json", "*"};

        @Override
        protected String[] getSupportedTypes() {
            return SUFFIXES;
        }

        @Override
        public Configuration getConfiguration(LoggerContext arg0, ConfigurationSource arg1) {
            return new Log4j2Configuration(arg1);
        }
    }

    private static class Log4j2Configuration extends DefaultConfiguration {

        public Log4j2Configuration(ConfigurationSource source) {
            super.doConfigure();
            setName("mp-log4j2");

            String logFilePath = "/log/weblogic/wl-moniport/";

            // LOGGERS
            //      com.websitester
            AppenderRef[] refs = new AppenderRef[] {};
            Property[] properties = new Property[] {};
            LoggerConfig websitesterLoggerConfig = LoggerConfig.createLogger(true, Level.INFO, WEBSITESTER_LOGGER_NAME, "true", refs, properties, this, null);
            addLogger(WEBSITESTER_LOGGER_NAME, websitesterLoggerConfig);


            // APPENDERS
            final Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

            //      MP ROLLING FILE
            TriggeringPolicy mpFileCompositePolicy = CompositeTriggeringPolicy.createPolicy(
                    SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy.createPolicy("3 M"),
                    OnStartupTriggeringPolicy.createPolicy(1));
            final DefaultRolloverStrategy mpFileRolloverStrategy = DefaultRolloverStrategy.createStrategy("9", "1", "max", Deflater.NO_COMPRESSION + "", null, true, this);
            Layout<? extends Serializable> mpFileLayout = PatternLayout.newBuilder()
                    .withPattern(FILE_PATTERN_LAYOUT)
                    .withPatternSelector(null)
                    .withConfiguration(this)
                    .withRegexReplacement(null)
                    .withCharset(charset)
                    .withAlwaysWriteExceptions(isShutdownHookEnabled)
                    .withNoConsoleNoAnsi(isShutdownHookEnabled)
                    .withHeader(null)
                    .withFooter(null)
                    .build();
            Appender mpFileAppender = RollingFileAppender.newBuilder()
                    .withAdvertise(Boolean.parseBoolean(null))
                    .withAdvertiseUri(null)
                    .withAppend(true)
                    .withBufferedIo(true)
                    .withBufferSize(8192)
                    .setConfiguration(this)
                    .withFileName(logFilePath + LOG_FILE_NAME)
                    .withFilePattern(logFilePath + LOG_FILE_NAME_PATTERN)
                    .withFilter(null)
                    .withIgnoreExceptions(true)
                    .withImmediateFlush(true)
                    .withLayout(mpFileLayout)
                    .withCreateOnDemand(false)
                    .withLocking(false)
                    .withName("error_file_web")
                    .withPolicy(mpFileCompositePolicy)
                    .withStrategy(mpFileRolloverStrategy)
                    .build();
            mpFileAppender.start();
            addAppender(mpFileAppender);
            getLogger(WEBSITESTER_LOGGER_NAME).addAppender(mpFileAppender, Level.DEBUG, null);


            // JDBC
            if (System.getProperty("log4jjdbcjndiName") != null){
                ColumnConfig[] columnConfigs = new ColumnConfig[] {
                        ColumnConfig.newBuilder()
                        .setConfiguration(this)
                        .setName("DATED")
                        .setPattern(null)
                        .setLiteral(null)
                        .setEventTimestamp(true)
                        .setUnicode(false)
                        .setClob(false)
                        .build(),
                        ColumnConfig.newBuilder()
                        .setConfiguration(this)
                        .setName("LOGGER")
                        .setPattern("%logger")
                        .setLiteral(null)
                        .setEventTimestamp(false)
                        .setUnicode(false)
                        .setClob(false)
                        .build(),
                        ColumnConfig.newBuilder()
                        .setConfiguration(this)
                        .setName("LOG_LEVEL")
                        .setPattern("%level")
                        .setLiteral(null)
                        .setEventTimestamp(false)
                        .setUnicode(false)
                        .setClob(false)
                        .build(),
                        ColumnConfig.newBuilder()
                        .setConfiguration(this)
                        .setName("MESSAGE")
                        .setPattern("%message")
                        .setLiteral(null)
                        .setEventTimestamp(false)
                        .setUnicode(false)
                        .setClob(false)
                        .build(),
                        ColumnConfig.newBuilder()
                        .setConfiguration(this)
                        .setName("NODE")
                        .setPattern("" + System.getProperty("log4jmpserverid"))
                        .setLiteral(null)
                        .setEventTimestamp(false)
                        .setUnicode(false)
                        .setClob(false)
                        .build()
                };
                ConnectionSource dataSourceConnectionSource = DataSourceConnectionSource.createConnectionSource(System.getProperty("log4jjdbcjndiName"));
                if (dataSourceConnectionSource != null){
                    Appender jdbcAppender = JdbcAppender.newBuilder()
                            .setBufferSize(0)
                            .setColumnConfigs(columnConfigs)
                            .setColumnMappings(new ColumnMapping[]{})
                            .setConnectionSource(dataSourceConnectionSource)
                            .setTableName("MTDTLOGS")
                            .withName("databaseAppender")
                            .withIgnoreExceptions(true)
                            .withFilter(null)
                            .build();
                    jdbcAppender.start();
                    addAppender(jdbcAppender);
                    getLogger(WEBSITESTER_LOGGER_NAME).addAppender(jdbcAppender, Level.WARN, null);
                }
            };

            // SMTP
            if (System.getProperty("log4jemailSubject") != null){
                if (System.getProperty("log4jemailLevel").equalsIgnoreCase("error")) {
                    Layout<? extends Serializable> mpHtmlLayout = HtmlLayout.createLayout(false, "Monitor de Portales", null, null, "x-small", null);

                    Appender smtpAppender = SmtpAppender.createAppender(
                            this,
                            "SMTP",
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailTo"), 
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailcc"), 
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailbcc"), 
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailFrom"), 
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailreplyTo"), 
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailSubject"), 
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailProtocol"), 
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailHost"), 
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailPort"), 
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailUserName"), 
                            System.getProperty("log4jemailPassword"), 
                            "false", 
                            "50", 
                            mpHtmlLayout, 
                            null, 
                            "true");
                    smtpAppender.start();
                    addAppender(smtpAppender);
                    getLogger(WEBSITESTER_LOGGER_NAME).addAppender(smtpAppender, Level.ERROR, null);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

配置文件:src/main/resources/log4j2.component.properties

log4j.configurationFactory=com.websitester.config.MPLoggingConfiguration$MPConfigurationFactory
log4j.configurationFile=log4j2websitester.json

配置文件:src/main/resources/log4j2websitester.json

{"logFilePath" : "/log/weblogic/wl-moniport/"}

在我的例子中,我在其他类中设置了所有属性(通过System.getProperty在MPLoggingConfiguration中访问),例如:

System.setProperty("log4jjdbcjndiName", "weblogic-monitor");

当您更改某些属性并想要重新配置log4j2时,您必须进行以下调用:

final LoggerContext ctx = (LoggerContext) LogManager.getContext(false);
ctx.reconfigure();

希望这可以帮助

Answer 3

文档建议使用构建器 api 进行编程配置。使用此 api，您的configureLog4J()方法可能如下所示：

public static void configureLog4J() {
  ConfigurationBuilder<BuiltConfiguration> builder =
      ConfigurationBuilderFactory.newConfigurationBuilder();

  // configure a console appender
  builder.add(
      builder.newAppender("stdout", "Console")
          .add(
              builder.newLayout(PatternLayout.class.getSimpleName())
                  .addAttribute(
                      "pattern",
                      "%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"
                  )
          )
  );

  // configure the root logger
  builder.add(
      builder.newRootLogger(Level.INFO)
          .add(builder.newAppenderRef("stdout"))
  );

  // apply the configuration
  Configurator.initialize(builder.build());

}

现在，技巧是 - 而且手册并没有足够清楚地说明 - 这个静态初始化方法要在任何 LogManager.getLogger().

对于一个最小的工作示例，您可以使用静态初始化块，如下所示

private static final Logger log;

static {
  configureLog4J();
  log = LogManager.getLogger(MyAwesomeClass.class);
}

也就是说，以编程方式配置日志记录对于任何重要的项目来说都不是一个好主意：每次您想要临时增加某些记录器上的日志级别以诊断生产问题时，您都必须重新编译、测试和发布代码。因此我强烈建议不要使用它。

Answer 4

您可以在log4j中自定义自己的ConfigurationFactory。请参阅https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/customconfig.html。看来它可以满足你的需求。

对此感到抱歉。这种方式能满足您的需求吗？我只是测试了一下，尽管它仍然输出您上面提到的错误消息，但它运行良好。

    LoggerContext ctx = (LoggerContext) LogManager.getContext(false);
    final Configuration config = ctx.getConfiguration();
    Layout<? extends Serializable> layout = PatternLayout.createLayout(PatternLayout.SIMPLE_CONVERSION_PATTERN, config, null,
        null,true, true,null,null);

    Appender appender = FileAppender.createAppender("/tmp/log4jtest.txt", "false", "false", "File", "true",
        "false", "false", "4000", layout, null, "false", null, config);
    appender.start();
    config.addAppender(appender);
    AppenderRef ref = AppenderRef.createAppenderRef("File", null, null);
    AppenderRef[] refs = new AppenderRef[] {ref};
    LoggerConfig loggerConfig = LoggerConfig.createLogger("false", Level.INFO, "org.apache.logging.log4j",
        "true", refs, null, config, null );
    loggerConfig.addAppender(appender, null, null);
    config.addLogger("simpleTestLogger", loggerConfig);
    ctx.updateLoggers();


    Logger l = ctx.getLogger("simpleTestLogger");
    l.info("message of info level shoud be output properly");
    l.error("error message");